Nasal - Narrow nares
- Wide columella
- Alar rim collapse
- Nasal tip ptosis
- Narrow piriform aperture
- Nasal valve compromise
- Nasal bone deformity
- Nasoseptal deformity
- Inferior turbinate hypertrophy
- Functional turbinate obstruction (eg, positional/vascular congestion)
- Concha bullosae
- Nasal polyposis
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Oral - Small mouth
- Macroglossia/oral tongue hypertrophy
- Tori mandibularis
- Retrognathia or micrognathia
- Trismus
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Upper pharyngeal - Adenoid hypertrophy
- Tornwaldt cyst
- Antrochoanal polyp
- Posteriorly positioned soft palate
- Palatine tonsillar hypertrophy
- Functional obstruction (eg, palatal or velopharyngeal collapse)
- Macroglossia/junctional tongue hypertrophy
- Cervical osteophyte
- Webbed soft palate
- Large uvula
- Elongated soft palate
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Lower pharyngeal - Lingual tonsillar hypertrophy
- Macroglossia/tongue base hypertrophy
- Posteriorly positioned tongue base
- Retrognathia or micrognathia
- Functional obstruction
- Tongue collapse
- Lateral wall collapse
- Cervical osteophytes
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Laryngeal - Retroflexed epiglottis
- Omega epiglottis
- Vocal fold polyp
- Vocal fold edema (Reinke's edema)
- Posterior laryngeal edema (eg, reflux laryngopharyngitis)
- Arytenoid collapse
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