EEG | EMG | SSEP | BAEP | MEP | |
Spine surgeries | |||||
Thoracoabdominal deformity correction | X (especially to detect radiculopathy/pedicle screw testing) | X | X | ||
Lower lumbosacral spine | X | X | Less commonly used below level of spinal cord | ||
Cervical spine | X | X | X | ||
Intramedullary spinal tumor | X (often to identify dorsal-median sulcus) | X (especially D-wave) | |||
Cauda equina or tethered cord | X | X | |||
Intracranial surgeries | |||||
Neurovascular | X | X | X | ||
Supratentorial tumor resection | X | X | X | ||
Skull base/posterior fossa/brainstem | X (such as "safe entry zone" identification) | X | X | X | |
Intracranial seizure focus ablation | X (ECoG) | ||||
Cardiovascular surgeries | |||||
Carotid | X | X (subcortical monitoring) | |||
Aortic | X | X | |||
Otolaryngology surgeries | |||||
Anterior neck surgeries | X | ||||
Interventional neuroradiology procedures | |||||
Intracranial | X | X | X | ||
Spine | X | X |
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