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Intense Simulation-Based Surgical Education for Manual Small-Incision Cataract SurgeryThe Ophthalmic Learning and Improvement Initiative in Cataract Surgery Randomized Clinical Trial in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe
William H. Dean, PhD, MEd, MBChB, BSc; Stephen Gichuhi, PhD, MBChB, MMed, MBA, MSC(Epid); John C. Buchan, MD, MBBS; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4718
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):9-15.
This randomized clinical trial examines whether adding simulation-based cataract surgical training to conventional training results in improved acquisition of surgical skills among trainees.
Incidence of Drug Use–Related Endogenous Endophthalmitis Hospitalizations in the United States, 2003 to 2016
Tahreem A. Mir, MD; Chandana Papudesu, MD; Wei Fang, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4741
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):18-26
This study investigates changing trends in epidemiology, risk factors, hospital course, and costs associated with drug use–related endogenous endophthalmitis hospitalizations in the United States from 2003 to 2016.
Association of Patterns of Glaucomatous Macular Damage With Contrast Sensitivity and Facial Recognition in Patients With Glaucoma
Sitara H. Hirji, MD; Donald C. Hood, PhD; Jeffrey M. Liebmann, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4749
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):27-32.
This cohort study evaluates the association of pattern of glaucomatous macular damage with contrast sensitivity and facial recognition among patients with glaucoma.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of the Red Reflex Test for Ocular Pathology in InfantsA Meta-analysis
Yousif Subhi, MD, PhD; Diana Chabané Schmidt, MD; Moug Al-Bakri, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4854
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):33-40
This systematic review and meta-analysis reviews the literature on diagnostic accuracy of the red reflex test in infant screening for ocular pathologies and provides summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity.
Association of Retinal Vascular Occlusion With Women Filling a Prescription for Female Hormone Therapy
Delu Song, MD; Jennifer Nadelmann, MD; Yinxi Yu, MS; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4884
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):42-48.
This study investigates whether filling a prescription of female hormone therapy (FHT) is associated with an increased risk of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) or retinal vein occlusions (RVO).
Retinal Imaging Findings in Carriers With PSEN1-Associated Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer Disease Before Onset of Cognitive Symptoms
Grayson W. Armstrong, MD, MPH; Leo A. Kim, MD, PhD; Filippos Vingopoulos, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4909
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):49-56
This cross-sectional imaging study evaluates whether optical coherence tomography can detect early retinal alterations in carriers of the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation who are cognitively unimpaired.
Insights From Survival Analyses During 12 Years of Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Dun Jack Fu, BM, BCh, PhD; Tiarnan D. Keenan, BM, BCh, PhD; Livia Faes, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5044
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):57-67
This cohort study uses data from a tertiary eye center to assess the potential usefulness of survival analyses of 12 years of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Efficacy and Safety of a Proposed Ranibizumab Biosimilar Product vs a Reference Ranibizumab Product for Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular DegenerationA Randomized Clinical Trial
Se Joon Woo, MD, PhD; Miroslav Veith, MD; Jan Hamouz, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5053
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):68-76
This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of SB11, a ranibizumab biosimilar product, with that of the reference ranibizumab for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Factors Associated With Increased Risk of Serious Ocular Injury in the Setting of Orbital Fracture
Elizabeth J. Rossin, MD, PhD; Colleen Szypko, BS; Isaiah Giese, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5108
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):77-83.
This study identifies clinical and radiographic features that are associated with increased risk of substantial ocular injury in the setting of orbital fracture.
Association of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Incidence With Myopia Prevalence in the Netherlands
Redmer van Leeuwen, MD, PhD; Annechien E. G. Haarman, MD; Mathijs A. J. van de Put, MD, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5114
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):85-92.
This cohort study assesses whether the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment has changed over recent years and whether this change is associated with an altered prevalence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment risk factors in the Netherlands.
Association of Anterior Uveitis With Acute Zika Virus Infection in Adults
Yacine Troumani, MD, PhD; Sara Touhami, MD, PhD; Timothy L. Jackson, MD, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5131
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):95-102
This cohort study uses ophthalmologic examination data from patients evaluated at Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital to investigate the ocular manifestations of serologically confirmed systemic Zika virus infection.
Ocular Lesions Other Than Stings Following Yellow-Legged Hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) Projections, as Reported to French Poison Control Centers
Hervé Laborde-Castérot, MD, PhD; Eric Darrouzet, PhD; Gaël Le Roux, PharmD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4877
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):105-108
This case series describes ocular lesions occurring after exposure to a liquid projection emitted by a hornet (excluding stings in the eye).
Eye Protection for Patients With COVID-19 Undergoing Prolonged Prone-Position Ventilation
Lucy Sun, MD; Maggie Hymowitz, MD; Howard D. Pomeranz, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4988
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):109-112
This case series describes 2 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and orbital compartment syndrome, optic disc edema, and retinal hemorrhage in the setting of prolonged prone positioning in the intensive care unit.
Redesigning Surgical Training Curriculum With SimulationLessons From the OLIMPICS Trial
Shahzad I. Mian, MD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4716
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):16-17
In the Ophthalmic Learning and Improvement Initiative in Cataract Surgery (OLIMPICS) Trial, Dean et al1 present results of a randomized clinical study that aims to assess if the addition of simulation-based surgical education to conventional training can improve cataract surgical competence in trainees. The authors must be congratulated on conducting a multinational, multicenter study to determine if surgical competence can be developed prior to live surgical training. In the trial, the intervention group received a 5-day simulation-based cataract surgical course in addition to standard surgical training, with the primary outcome measure being overall surgical competency at 3 months and secondary outcomes including surgical competence, quantity, and outcomes at 1 year, including visual acuity and rate of posterior-capsule rupture. The results suggested that for surgeons similar to the 50 participants in the trial, ophthalmologists receiving a 5-day simulation-based cataract surgical training course in addition to standard surgical training were likely to score between 14 and 19 points higher on a 40-point validated surgical competency assessment outcome compared with a control group of trainees only receiving standard surgical training.1
The Enduring Value of Newborn Red Reflex Testing as a Screening Tool
Gillian G. W. Adams, BSc, MB ChB
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4853
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):40-41
A red reflex screening examination of the eyes of newborn infants is undertaken in most high-income countries. It aims to identify potentially blinding but treatable disorders, in particular congenital cataract, for which early diagnosis and surgery give better visual acuity outcomes. The examination involves observation of the infant and assessment of the red reflexes through undilated pupils using a direct ophthalmoscope; in some countries, usually those with fewer resources, the examination is performed with a flashlight or penlight rather than an ophthalmoscope. A flashlight examination is less sensitive than a direct ophthalmoscope test in identifying cataract.1 Testing can be performed by pediatricians, nurses, or midwives. Red reflex testing is an essential component of the physical examination of newborn infants, and it is important to know the accuracy and limitations of the test in identifying ophthalmic disease.
The Big Influence of Small Data in Emergency Assessment of Serious Ocular Injury
David C. Herman, MD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5107
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):83-84
Who should receive emergency assessment for serious ocular injury by an ophthalmologist in the setting of orbital fracture? This question is important on a variety of levels. The first and foremost is the care of the patient. Often, the physician to first assess the patient may have neither the expertise nor the equipment to perform the type of examination required to diagnose or rule out a sight-threatening ocular injury. Given that premise, all patients could reasonably be referred for a more detailed examination by an ophthalmologist.
Will the Myopia Epidemic Lead to a Retinal Detachment Epidemic in the Future?
Ning Cheung, MD; Shu Yen Lee, MD; Tien Yin Wong, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5112
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):93-94
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is an important cause of visual acuity loss. Despite advances in surgical techniques and instrumentations, functional outcomes after surgery remain variable. Less than one-third of patients with RRD may achieve visual acuity of 20/40 or better when the macula is involved.1
Zika Virus and Anterior Uveitis—4 Years After the Pandemic
Rupesh Agrawal, MD; Ivan Seah, MBBS; Yee-Sin Leo, MBBS, MPH
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5138
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):103-104
It has been more than 4 years since the World Health Organization declared the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak of 2016 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Although the worst of the pandemic may be over, today there are still sporadic outbreaks in both Southeast Asia and South Asia. The origins of the 2016 pandemic was purported to be a new American subclade emerging from the Asian lineage of the RNA flavivirus. This story serves as a chilling reminder that these sporadic outbreaks should not be underestimated, given their potential to result in another pandemic.
Development, Validation, and Innovation in Ophthalmic Laser-Based ImagingReport From a US Food and Drug Administration–Cosponsored Forum
Frank Brodie, MD, MBA; Michael Repka, MD; Stephen Allan Burns, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4994
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):113-118
This Special Communication describes a forum of laser-based imaging cosponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration and 11 professional ophthalmic, vision science, and optometric societies.
Persistent Red Eye Unresponsive to Topical Treatment
Aaron Jamison, MBChB; Aslam Siddiqui, MBChB; David Lockington, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4062
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):119-120
A 68-year-old woman has a 3-week history of progressive eye redness and discomfort unresponsive to topical treatment. What would you do next?
A Child With Acute Eyelid Edema and Proptosis
Humberto Salazar, MD; Kara M. Cavuoto, MD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4067
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):121-122
A 2-year-old girl presents with 2 days of left upper eyelid swelling after vomiting caused by a viral illness. What would you do next?
Progressive Eyelid Swelling in a Middle-aged Man
Nicolas Baker, BA; Jonathan Chao, MD; Zachary D. Pearce, DO
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4092
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):123-124
A man in his 40s presents with a recent history of pain and swelling over his right orbit and upper eyelid, and computed tomography shows a right supraorbital abscess with mass effect. What would you do next?
Recurrent Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in a Child With an Orbital Mass
Roger P. Harrie, MD; Ariana M. Levin, MD; Leah Owen, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4087
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):125-126
A 14-month-old girl presents with recurrent left subconjunctival hemorrhage with increasing frequency in the past 7 months, with a large inferior orbital lesion measuring more than 17 mm shown during B-scan examination. What would you do next?
Idiopathic Corneal Hemorrhage
William J. Faulkner, MD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4053
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):e204053
This case report describes a rare idiopathic case of corneal hemorrhage.
Pigmented Iris Lesion on Anterior-Segment Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Sarangdev Vaidya, BA; Antonio Yaghy, MD; Carol L. Shields, MD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4079
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):e204079
This case report describes an iris pigment epithelium cyst, a disease that can mimic ciliary body melanoma.
Arterial Wall Hyperfluorescence in Susac Syndrome
Danny A. Mammo, MD; John B. Davies, MD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4100
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):e204100
This case report describes a diagnosis of Susac syndrome in a man presenting with a superior visual field deficit in his left eye.
Spontaneous Regression of Presumed Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
Stéphanie Lemaître, MD, PhD; Gordon Hay, BSc(Hons), MBBS; Amit Arora, MBBS
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4149
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):e204149
This case report describes a woman with a presumed ocular surface squamous neoplasia that spontaneously regressed before excisional biopsy and diagnostic confirmation.
Studies of Microsurgical Skill—The Key Lies in the Design
Victor Volovici, MD, PhD; George Dindelegan, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4755
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):127
We have read the study by Roizenblatt and collaborators1 and were delighted to notice heightened and ongoing interest in microsurgical education, as well as in microsurgical skill improvement and assessment. The influence of caffeine on microsurgical skill has been a topic of debate for almost 30 years in the scientific literature, including being mentioned by Robert D. Acland in Acland’s Practice Manual for Microvascular Surgery from the 1980s.
Studies of Microsurgical Skill—The Key Lies in the Design—Reply
Marina Roizenblatt, MD1,2,3; Peter Louis Gehlbach, MD, PhD3; Mauricio Maia, MD, PhD1,2
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4758
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):127-128
In Reply We appreciate the interest of Drs Volovici and Dindelegan in understanding microsurgical performance. We acknowledge our distinct perspectives, including our consideration of caffeine and ?-blocker use during microsurgery as a historical and present practice and the relative disparity in scale of our respective microsurgical tasks. We thank them for the opportunity to compare potential study designs.
JAMA Ophthalmology
doi : 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3737
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(1):7
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