One-year access to more than 500 world journals available in the system
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Effects of Liberal vs Restrictive Transfusion Thresholds on Survival and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight InfantsThe ETTNO Randomized Clinical Trial
Axel R. Franz, MD; Corinna Engel, PhD; Dirk Bassler, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.10690
JAMA. 2020;324(6):560-570.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of liberal vs restrictive red blood cell transfusion thresholds (based on postnatal age and current health state) on death or disability at 24 months of age among extremely low-birth-weight infants.
Effect of High Add Power, Medium Add Power, or Single-Vision Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in ChildrenThe BLINK Randomized Clinical Trial
Jeffrey J. Walline, OD, PhD; Maria K. Walker, OD, PhD; Donald O. Mutti, OD, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.10834
JAMA. 2020;324(6):571-580.
This randomized trial compares the effects of higher add power (+2.50 D) vs lower add power (+1.50 D) soft multifocal contact lenses vs single-vision contact lenses on myopia progression at 3 years in children aged 7 to 11 years with myopia.
Association of Nonoperative Management Using Antibiotic Therapy vs Laparoscopic Appendectomy With Treatment Success and Disability Days in Children With Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Peter C. Minneci, MD, MHSc; Erinn M. Hade, PhD; Amy E. Lawrence, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.10888
JAMA. 2020;324(6):581-593.
This nonrandomized controlled trial allowed children with appendicitis and their families to choose antibiotic therapy vs laparoscopic appendectomy as initial management, and compares 1-year disability days and treatment success—no need for later surgery—between the groups.
COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Federal and State Prisons
Brendan Saloner, PhD; Kalind Parish, MA; Julie A. Ward, MN, RN; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.12528
JAMA. 2020;324(6):602-603.
This study describes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case rates and deaths among federal and state prisoners and compares them with corresponding rates for the US population.
Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19
Angelo Carf?, MD; Roberto Bernabei, MD; Francesco Landi, MD, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.12603
JAMA. 2020;324(6):603-605.
This case series describes COVID-19 symptoms persisting a mean of 60 days after onset among Italian patients previously discharged from COVID-19 hospitalization.
Trends in Daily Use of Biotin Supplements Among US Adults, 1999-2016
Danni Li, PhD; Mary R. Rooney, PhD, MPH; Lynn A. Burmeister, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8144
JAMA. 2020;324(6):605-607.
This pharmacoepidemiology study uses NHANES data to characterize the prevalence and trends in use of high-dosage biotin supplementation among US adults between 1999 and 2016.
The Work of Philanthropy in Responding to COVID-19 and Addressing InequalityA New Foundation
Darren Walker, JD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.12904
JAMA. 2020;324(6):541-542.
In this Viewpoint the president of the Ford Foundation calls on philanthropic and other wealthy organizations to make creative and generous grants to less well-endowed counterpart institutions and communities to redress the racial and socioeconomic disparities exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and continued killings of Black Americans.
Pooling Data From Individual Clinical Trials in the COVID-19 Era
Eva Petkova, PhD; Elliott M. Antman, MD; Andrea B. Troxel, ScD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.13042
JAMA. 2020;324(6):543-545.
This Viewpoint proposes principles and processes to allow pooling of individual patient data from clinical trials given decelerating participant recruitment at sites where the COVID-19 surge has been controlled and new cases are diminishing.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and Its Role in the Pandemic Vaccine Response
Grace M. Lee, MD, MPH; Beth P. Bell, MD, MPH; José R. Romero, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.13167
JAMA. 2020;324(6):546-547.
This Viewpoint discusses the role of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a federal advisory committee that makes vaccine-related recommendations to the CDC and DHHS, in guiding the development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines.
COVID-19 Response in LebanonCurrent Experience and Challenges in a Low-Resource Setting
Petra Khoury, PharmD; Eid Azar, MD; Eveline Hitti, MD, MBA
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.12695
JAMA. 2020;324(6):548-549.
This Viewpoint describes the unique challenges faced by Lebanon, a small densely populated country with a fragmented health care system, in its response to the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, and it summarizes organizational, testing, and communications policies the nation has implemented that might be useful to other resource-limited countries and settings.
Prevention of Unintentional Medication Overdose Among ChildrenTime for the Promise of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act to Come to Fruition
Daniel S. Budnitz, MD, MPH; Maribeth C. Lovegrove, MPH; Robert J. Geller, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.2152
JAMA. 2020;324(6):550-551.
This Viewpoint discusses the success of US legislation to help prevent medication overdoses in children and suggests strategies to continue to reduce these overdoses, including changes to child-resistant packaging.
Clinical, Legal, and Ethical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Conversational Agents in Health Care
John D. McGreevey III, MD; C. William Hanson III, MD; Ross Koppel, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.2724
JAMA. 2020;324(6):552-553.
This Viewpoint discusses evidence supporting use of conversational agents in health care—artificial intelligence (AI) programs that interpret users’ questions or concerns and respond with answers—and proposes 12 domains (eg, safety, transparency, security) that clinicians and health care organizations should evaluate before using them for patient care.
The Convergence of Neurology and PsychiatryThe Importance of Cross-Disciplinary Education
Matcheri S. Keshavan, MD; Bruce H. Price, MD; Joseph B. Martin, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.0062
JAMA. 2020;324(6):554-555.
This Viewpoint reviews the historical convergence and then divergence of psychiatry and neurology as clinical disciplines and calls for a transformation of graduate and postgraduate education to integrate the two and span intersections of the humanities, philosophy, and science.
Good for Us All
Rachel B. Issaka, MD, MAS
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.12630
JAMA. 2020;324(6):556-557.
In this narrative medicine essay, a gastroenterologist recalls a microagression from a patient during fellowship training and realizes the fault lay with the medicine profession and calls for antiracist training as one measure in dismantling race-based health disparities.
Reducing the Progression of Myopia
Neil M. Bressler, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.10953
JAMA. 2020;324(6):558-559.
Lipids and Lipoproteins in 2020
Brian A. Ference, MD, MPhil, MSc; John J. P. Kastelein, MD, PhD; Alberico L. Catapano, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.5685
JAMA. 2020;324(6):595-596.
This JAMA Insights Clinical Update reviews the central role of apolipoprotein B100 molecule (apoB)–containing lipoproteins in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), with implications for patient risk assessment and choice of lipid-lowering therapy.
Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Jonathan D. Paul, MD; Adam S. Cifu, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.3905
JAMA. 2020;324(6):597-598.
This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the European Society of Cardiology’s 2019 guidelines for diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism.
Abdominal Pain and an Appendiceal Mass
Roxanne L. Massoumi, MD; Jonathan C. King, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.4707
JAMA. 2020;324(6):599-600.
A 68-year-old woman with history of uterine carcinoma (unknown histology) treated 30 years prior had 2 months of generalized abdominal pain and distention but no fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, blood in the stool, or weight loss. CBC and serum chemistries were unremarkable; CT and MRI showed pelvic ascites and an enhancing lesion at the base of the cecum; CEA level was 18 ng/mL (normal <5 ng/mL). What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Success of Antibiotic Therapy vs Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Uncomplicated Appendicitis in ChildrenA Matter of Perspective
Edward H. Livingston, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.13381
JAMA. 2020;324(6):594.
