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Table of Contents
doi : 10.1016/S0012-3692(23)05717-3
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages A7-A9, A13-A14
Ultrasound Corner: Announcing a New Focus and Direction
Scott J. Millington, MD Ottawa, ON, Canada Seth Koenig, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.11.022
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Page 1
Successful Critical Care Operations: The Minnesota COVID-19 Experience
Gavin H. Harris, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.09.011
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 2-4
Heterogeneity in Cardiogenic Shock Presentation and Care: A Cautionary Tale
Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula, MD Providence, RI Syed Tanveer Rab, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.028
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 5-6
Do We Need Another Quality-of-Life Instrument?
Karla O’Dell, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.09.027
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 7-8
Unmasking Acute Chest Syndrome: Understanding the Role of Nonpharmacologic Interventions on Children with Sickle Cell Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Shaina M. Willen, MD Sacramento, CA Robyn T. Cohen, MD, MPH
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.09.002
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 9-11
Advancing Risk Stratification in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Through Cardiac MRI: The Need for Collaboration and Standardization
Robert P. Frantz, MD Rochester, MN Andrew J. Swift, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.10.038
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 12-13
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Lung Cancer Prevention: Time to Add Obesity Prevention to Our Recommendations?
Kim Robien, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.10.044
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 14-15
Upcoming Clinical Trials in Critical Care, Diffuse Lung Disease, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, and Thoracic Oncology in 2024
Adam Edward Lang, PharmD Michael N. Kammer, PhD Aravind Menon, MD, MPH Gretchen L. Sacha, PharmD Nicholas A. Kolaitis, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.029
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 16-18
Trailblazing Clinical Trials in Asthma, COPD, Sleep Medicine, and Education and Clinical Practice in 2023
Mary Jo S. Farmer, MD, PhD Springfield, MA Simon Couillard, MD Sherbrooke, QC, Canada Alejandra C. Lastra, MD Chicago, IL Sanjay Ramakrishnan, MBBS Oxford, England
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.011
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 19-21
Is Tobacco Use Associated With Risk of Recurrence and Mortality Among People With TB?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Aishwarya Lakshmi Vidyasagaran, PhD; Anne Readshaw, PhD; Melanie Boeckmann, DrPH; Alexander Jarde, PhD; Faraz Siddiqui, MSc; Anna-Marie Marshall, PhD; Janita Akram, MBBS; Jonathan E. Golub, PhD; Kamran Siddiqi, PhD; and Omara Dogar, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.021
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 22-47
Epidemiology and Clinical Patterns of Lung Abscesses in ICU: A French Multicenter Retrospective Study
Vinca Montméat, MD; Vincent Bonny, MD; Tomas Urbina, MD; Louai Missri, MD; Jean-Luc Baudel, MD; Aurélia Retbi; Victor Penaud, MD; Guillaume Voiriot, MD, PhD; Yves Cohen, MD, PhD; Nicolas De Prost, MD, PhD; Bertrand Guidet, MD, PhD; Eric Maury, MD, PhD; Hafid Ait-Oufella, MD, PhD; and Jérémie Joffre, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.020
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 48-57
Low-Dose vs Conventional-Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Treatment for Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients Not Infected With HIV: A Multicenter, Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Tatsuya Nagai, MD; Hiroki Matsui, MPH; Haruka Fujioka, MD; Yuya Homma, MD; Ayumu Otsuki, MD; Hiroyuki Ito, MD, PhD; Shinichiro Ohmura, MD, PhD; Toshiaki Miyamoto, MD; Daisuke Shichi, MD; Watari Tomohisa, BHS; Yoshihito Otsuka, PhD; and Kei Nakashima, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.009
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 58-67
Comparative Effectiveness of First-Line and Alternative Antibiotic Regimens in Hospitalized Patients With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Anthony D. Bai, MD; Siddhartha Srivastava, MD; Benjamin K. C. Wong, MPH; Geneviève C. Digby, MD; Fahad Razak, MD; and Amol A. Verma, MD, Mphil
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.008
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 68-78
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Disease Severity Among People With Bronchiectasis: Analysis of Three Population Registries
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Disease Severity Among People With Bronchiectasis Analysis of Three Population Registries To the Editor: COVID-19 impact on people with airway disease is inconsistent, with different effects on cystic fibrosis, 1 COPD, 2 and asthma. A collaboration between researchers and patients identified questions related to COVID-19 and chronic airways conditions. Among these were the severity of COVID-19 in people with lung disease and the additional risk of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids if infected with SARS-CoV-2. 3 Using population registries, we conducted a retrospective cohort study that aimed to assess (1) the risk of individuals with bronchiectasis of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 and (2) the risk of an adverse outcome if infected. In December 2020, we invited all centers in European Multicenter Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) 4 to participate, looking for electronic medical registries of a national/ regional population. Centers with available electronic medical registries were Catalonia, 5 Denmark,6 and Israel. 7 Methods To assess the association between bronchiectasis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in each electronic medical registry, we identified adults who were $ 18 years as of January 1, 2020 (cohort entry date). People with bronchiectasis were frequency matched by sex, age ( 2 years), and region with people without bronchiectasis with the use of ratios of 1:10 (Denmark), 1:9 (Israel), and 1:2 (Catalonia) subjects. Participants were followed from January 1, 2020, until the occurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), death, or December 31, 2020, whichever came first. To assess the association between bronchiectasis and severe COVID-19 or death, we included adults with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020 (prior to COVID-19 vaccination). Matching was performed by sex, age ( 2 years), and the month of positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR, with the use of ratios of (1:5) Denmark, 1:9 (Israel) and 1:2 (Catalonia) Patients were followed from the date of positive PCR until the occurrence of the outcome of interest (disease severity or death), maximum 90 days follow up or end of follow up on January 31, 2021, whichever came first. COVID-19 severity was determined as per World Health Organization definitions. 8 Results Variables retrieved from the electronic medical registries included age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or income in tertile groups, smoking status (ever vs never), and comorbidities that included COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, malignancy, renal failure, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic corticosteroids use in the prior 6 months, and inhaled corticosteroids use in the prior 6 months. Statistical analyses were conducted separately for each of the study cohorts. Baseline characteristics for individuals with bronchiectasis and control subjects were compared with the use of the Chi-square test for the categoric variables and the independent t-test for age. For each study, outcome data were analyzed with the use of the Cox regression model and hazard ratios (HRs) for COVID-19; COVID-19 severity and mortality rates were estimated. To account for missing data in the socioeconomic status, we included the missing data as a separate category in the multivariable model. Hazard ratio estimates, which were adjusted for all covariates, were combined across studies with the use of random effects meta-analysis model to account for heterogeneity between countries. NCSS statistical software (version 9; NCSS Statistical Software) was used for the meta analysis. All other analyses were performed with the use of IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0 (IBM). P < .05 for the two- tailed tests was considered statistically significant. Discussion Data on smoking and obesity were not reliably captured in Denmark, and data on socioeconomic status were not reliable in the Danish cohort, which used income records as a surrogate for socioeconomic status. COVID-19 severity was avaliable in the Catalan and Israeli registries. 8 The Danish registry used data on [ Chest Infections Research Letters ] chestjournal.org 79 TABLE 1 ] Characteristics of the Study Cohorts Variable, No. (%) Catalonia Denmark a Israel Bronchiectasis (n ¼ 16,647) Control Subjects (n ¼ 33,294) P Value Bronchiectasis (n ¼ 14,484) Control Subjects (n ¼ 144,840) P Value Bronchiectasis (n ¼ 9,978) Control Subjects (n ¼ 89,802) P Value Age, median SD, y 80.4 8.8 80.6 8.6 < .001 67.4 13.3 67.3 13.3 .44 68.3 16.8 67.5 16.8 < .001 Female 9,135 (54.9) 18,270 (54.9) > .99 9,065 (62.6) 90,650 (62.6) > .99 5,606 (56.2) 50,454 (56.2) > .99 Socioeconomic status < .001 < .001 .002 Low 7,033 (42.2) 14,411 (43.3) 5,279 (36.4) 49,843 (34.4) 3,236 (32.4) 29,426 (32.8) Medium 4,868 (29.2) 9,105 (27.3) 4,950 (34.2) 47,295 (32.7) 4,345 (43.5) 38,803 (43.2) High 82 (0.5) 139 (0.4) 4,255 (29.4) 47,701 (32.9) 2,384 (23.9) 21,245 (23.7) Missing 4,664 (28.0) 9,639 (29.0) . . 13 (0.1) 328 (0.4) Smoking b 6,725 (40.4) 11,446 (34.4) < .001 . . . 4,241 (42.5) 34,786 (38.7) < .001 Obesity 55 (0.3) 120 (0.4) .649 673 (4.6) 5,440 (3.8) < .001 2,836 (28.4) 31,812 (33.8) < .001 Diabetes mellitus 180 (1.1) 388 (1.2) .429 1,066 (7.4) 8,885 (6.1) < .001 2,867 (28.7) 22,831 (31.0) < .001 Hypertension 171 (1.0) 370 (1.1) .418 3,286 (22.7) 26,660 (18.5) < .001 5,006 (50.2) 46,437 (51.7) .003 Asthma 51 (0.3) 57 (0.2) .003 3,280 (22.6) 3,803 (2.6) < .001 2,785 (27.9) 6,913 (7.7) < .001 COPD 307 (1.8) 239 (0.7) < .001 3,630 (25.1) 6,044 (4.2) < .001 3,367 (33.7) 5,732 (6.4) < .001 Pulmonary fibrosis NA NA . 633 (4.4) 562 (0.4) < .001 425 (4.3) 361 (0.4) < .001 Malignancy 38 (0.2) 95 (0.3) .283 1,575 (10.9) 14,083 (9.7) < .001 2,241 (22.5) 16,957 (18.9) < .001 Ischemic heart disease 58 (0.3) 125 (0.4) .695 1,424 (9.8) 9,159 (6.3) < .001 2,312 (23.2) 18,267 (20.3) < .001 Congestive heart failure 342 (2.1) 532 (1.6) < .001 751 (5.2) 4,221 (2.9) < .001 1,095 (11.0) 7,281 (8.1) < .001 Past cerebrovascular accident 134 (0.8) 313 (0.9) .144 1,072 (7.4) 9,747 (6.7) .002 1,166 (11.7) 9,797 (10.9) .019 Renal failure 173 (1.0) 414 (1.2) .051 393 (2.7) 2,401 (1.7) < .001 1,155 (11.6) 9,160 (10.2) < .001 Liver disease NA NA . 283 (2.0) 1,774 (1.2) < .001 455 (4.6) 2,540 (2.8) < .001 Rheumatoid arthritis NA NA 516 (3.6) 1,403 (1.0) < .001 295 (3.0) 1,518 (1.7) < .001 (Continued) 80 Research Letters [ 1 6 5 # 1 C H E S T J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 4 ] hospitalizations within 30 days of positive PCR as a surrogate for moderate or severe disease. Table 1 describes cohort characteristics. Our first objective was bronchiectasis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. In multivariate analyses, bronchiectasis was associated with a lower incidence of COVID-19 in the Catalan cohort, but not in the Danish or Israeli cohorts. In the three cohorts, bronchiectasis was not associated signifcantly with COVID-19 infection (pooled HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.49) (Fig 1A). Our second objective was bronchiectasis and COVID-19 severity. In multivariate analyses, bronchiectasis was associated with a significantly increased risk for severe disease compared with no bronchiectasis in Catalonia and Denmark only. This association was also preserved in the combined analysis (pooled HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.90) (Fig 1B). In the combined analysis, bronchiectasis was not associated with a significant increase in mortality rates (pooled HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.28) (Fig 1C). In summary, our analysis shows that bronchiectasis is associated with a slightly, but significantly, elevated risk for moderate-to-severe COVID-19, although the risk for death does not seem to be altered. Regarding the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the results varied among cohorts, with a significantly lower risk in Catalonia, but not in Israel or Denmark. This discrepancy may reflect different shielding or testing habits of individuals with bronchiectasis. A previous study in general practice clinics in England found that the risk for hospitalization with COVID-19 was elevated significantly in people with bronchiectasis (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.50) after adjustment for demographics and comorbidities. However, the risk of COVID-19 infection was not assessed. 9 Our study confirmed that the risk for severe COVID-19 was slightly, but significantly, elevated among people with bronchiectasis, but death was not. We suggest two possible explanations to the difference between the two outcomes: (1) The risk for severe disease is increased, but small in magnitude, and is not reflected in the mortality rates, which was a rare event. (2) The definition of severe disease may be subject to misclassification bias, because bronchiectasis may be associated with abnormal chest imaging and desaturation independent of COVID-19 severity, which would falsely elevate World Health Organization severity scores. The decision to hospitalize may also be TABLE 1 ] (Continued) Variable, No. (%) Catalonia Denmark a Israel Bronchiectasis (n ¼ 16,647) Control Subjects (n ¼ 33,294) P Value Bronchiectasis (n ¼ 14,484) Control Subjects (n ¼ 144,840) P Value Bronchiectasis (n ¼ 9,978) Control Subjects (n ¼ 89,802) P Value Systemic cortecosteroids intake in the last prior 6 mo < .001 < .001 < .001 0 13,430 (80.7) 30,190 (90.7) 12,698 (87.7) 139,924 (96.6) 8,344 (83.6) 83,156 (92.6) 1-2 2,309 (13.9) 2,150 (6.5) 1,140 (7.9) 3,284 (2.3) 1,139 (11.4) 5,271 (5.9) $3 908 (5.5) 954 (2.9) 646 (4.5) 1,632 (1.1) 495 (5.0) 1,375 (1.5) Inhaled corticosteroids intake in the prior 6 mo < .001 < .001 0 . . . 10,006 (69.1) 136,181 (94.0) 7,079 (70.9) 84,505 (94.1) 1-2 . . . 1,283 (8.9) 3,071 (2.1) 1,302 (13.0) 3,015 (3.4) $3 . . . 3,195 (22.1) 5,588 (3.9) 1,597 (16.0) 2,282 (2.5) NA = not applicable. a Danish registry substituted income tertiles for socioeconomic status tertiles. b Smoking is defined as ever vs never. chestjournal.org 81 Catalonia Bronchiectasis 16,647 1,028 0.44 (0.41-0.47) 0.43 (0.40-0.46) Israel Controls 144,840 2,784 Ref Ref Denmark Bronchiectasis 14,484 320 1.16 (1.03-1.30) 1.12 (0.99-1.26) Controls 33,294 4,523 Ref Ref Bronchiectasis 9,978 337 0.96 (0.86-1.07) 0.97 (0.87-1.09) Controls 267,936 10,485 Ref Ref All sites Bronchiectasis 41,109 1,685 0.79 (0.41-1.51) 0.78 (0.41-1.49) Controls 89,802 3,178 Ref Ref Study site A COVID-19 infection 0.5 Less PCR positive More PCR positive 0.75 1 2 Patient number Outcome N Crude HR (95% CI) Multivariable HR (95% CI) Catalonia Bronchiectasis 845 263 1.35 (1.16-2.0)1.35 (1.16-2.0) 1.30 (1.11-1.52) Israel Controls 1,590 306 Ref Ref Denmark Bronchiectasis 318 164 3.04 (2.52-3.68) 1.91 (1.54-2.37) Controls 1,690 405 Ref Ref Bronchiectasis 337 67 1.51 (1.16-1.95) 1.16 (0.87-1.55) Controls 6,313 1,132 Ref All sites Bronchiectasis 1,500 494 1.84 (1.07-3.12) 1.43 (1.08-1.90) Controls 3,033 421 Ref Ref Study site B Moderate-severe COVID-19 0.5 Less moderate/severe COVID More moderate/severe COVID 0.75 1 2 Patient number Outcome N Crude HR (95% CI) Multivariable HR (95% CI) Catalonia Bronchiectasis 845 143 1.15 (0.94-1.41)1.15 (0.94-1.41) 1.09 (0.88-1.34) Israel Controls 1,590 80 Ref Ref Denmark Bronchiectasis 318 22 1.38 (0.86-2.22) 1.13 (0.69-1.86) Controls 1,690 252 Ref Ref Bronchiectasis 337 31 1.38 (0.94-2.01) 1.00 (0.65-1.53) Controls 6,313 539 Ref Ref All sites Bronchiectasis 1,500 196 1.22 (1.03-1.44) 1.08 (0.90-1.28) Controls 3,033 207 Ref Ref Study site C COVID-19 mortality 0.5 Less mortality within 90 days More mortality within 90 days 0.75 1 2 Patient number Outcome N Crude HR (95% CI) Multivariable HR (95% CI) Figure 1 – Hazard ratio estimates (adjusted for all covariates mentioned in the Methods section) were combined across studies with the use of the random effects meta-analysis model. Descriptive statistics and crude and multivariable hazard ratio for the association between bronchiectasis and outcomes are shown on the left, with Forest plots on the right for the following outcomes. A, Risk of becoming polymerase chain reaction positive for SARS-CoV-2, bronchiectasis vs no bronchiectasis. B, Risk for moderate-to-severe disease (Catalonia, Israel) or hospitalization within 30 days of SARS- CoV-2 positive polymerase chain reaction (Denmark), bronchiectasis vs no bronchiectasis. C, Deaths, bronchiectasis vs no bronchiectasis. HR ¼ hazard ratio; Ref ¼ reference. 82 Research Letters [ 1 6 5 # 1 C H E S T J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 4 ] influenced from perceived higher risk because of baseline comorbidity. The main limitation of our study is the possibility of innaccuracy of bronchiectasis diagnosis and of COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, bronchiectasis severity was not available in our analysis and may have had an impact on COVID-19 severity. However, the use of three cohorts with different local practices, all of which showed no difference in mortality rates and only small differences in COVID-19 severity, is reassuring to patients. Our cohorts were very heterogenous in the prevalence of comorbidities among individuals with bronchiectasis. During the study period (2020), vaccinations were not available, and results from studies guiding treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 were not yet published. We may hypothesize that the risk for adverse outcomes from COVID-19 in people with bronchiectasis in subsequent years of the pandemic is even less pronounced. To conclude, we found that, in three countries, a diagnosis of bronchiectasis was associated with a slightly, but significantly, increased risk of COVID-19 severity, but not with increased mortality rates. Michal Shteinberg, MD, PhD Haifa, Israel Oriol Sibila, MD, PhD Barcelona, Spain Nili Stein, ME, MPH Haifa, Israel Rosa Faner, PhD Barcelona, Spain Alexander Jordan, PhD Copenhagen, Denmark Nuria Olvera, BsC Barcelona, Spain Pradeesh Sivapalan, MD, PhD Jens Ulrik S. Jensen, MD, PhD Copenhagen, Denmark Megan Crichton, PhD Dundee, England Pau Marrades, MD Barcelona, Spain James D. Chalmers, MD, PhD Dundee, England Christian N. Meyer, MD Copenhagen, Denmark Walid Saliba, MD, MPH Haifa, Israel AFFILIATIONS: From the Pulmonary Institute and CF Center (M. S.) and the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology (N. S. and W. S.), Carmel Medical Center, and the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (M. S. and W. S.), The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; the Respiratory Department (O. S., R. F., N. O., and P. M.), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona the Department of Internal Medicine (A. J., P. S., J. U. S. J., and C. N. M.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital; the Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M. C. and J. D. C.), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (C. N. M.), Respiratory Unit, SUH- Roskilde. CORRESPONDENCE TO: Michal Shteinberg, MD, PhD; email: michalsh@technion.ac.il Copyright ? 2023 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.007 Financial/Nonfinancial Disclosures The authors have reported to CHEST the following: M. S. received grant support from GSK, Trudell Medical Int, consulting fees and/or honoraria from AstraZeneca, BI, Kamada, Sanofi, and Insmed. J. D. C. received grant support from AstraZeneca, Genentech, Gilead sciences, GSK, Grifols, Boehringer Ingelheim, Insmed, Novartis; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Insmed, Novartis, Pfizer, Grifols, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Antabio, Zambon. None declared (O. S., N. S., R. F., A. J., N. O., P. S., J. U. S. J., M. C., P. M., C. N. M., W. S.). References 1. Cosgriff R, Ahern S, Bell SC, et al. A multinational report to characterise SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2020;19(3):355-358. 2. Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, et al. Prevalence, Severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233147. 3. Adeloye D, Elneima O, Daines L, et al. The long-term sequelae of COVID-19: an international consensus on research priorities for patients with pre-existing and new-onset airways disease. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(12):1467-1478. 4. Chalmers JD, Polverino E, Crichton ML, et al. Bronchiectasis in Europe: data on disease characteristics from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC). Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(7): 637-649. 5. Sis?-Almirall A, Kostov B, Mart?nez-Carbonell E, et al. The prevalence of 78 autoimmune diseases in Catalonia (MASCAT- PADRIS Big Data Project). Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(2):102448. 6. Schmidt M, Schmidt SAJ, Sandegaard JL, Ehrenstein V, Pedersen L, S?rensen HT. The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7: 449-490. 7. Shkeiri R, Saliba W, Stein N, et al. Exploring factors associated with acquisition and chronicity of infection in bronchiectasis: a population-based study. Respir Med. 2021;185:106487. 8. National Institute of Health, NIH COVID19 treatent guidelines: Clinical Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Internet]. Clinical Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Accessed December 30. 2022. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical- spectrum/ 9. Aveyard P, Gao M, Lindson N, et al. Association between pre-existing respiratory disease and its treatment, and severe COVID-19: a population cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(8):909-923. chestjournal.org 83
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.007
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 79-83
Association Between Regular Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Initiation Following COPD Diagnosis and Mortality: An Emulated Target Trial Using Nationwide Cohort Data
Taeyun Kim, MD; Hyunsoo Kim, MS; Sunga Kong, PhD; Sun Hye Shin, MD, PhD; Juhee Cho, PhD; Danbee Kang, PhD; and Hye Yun Park, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.017
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 84-94
The Minnesota Medical Operations Coordination Center: A COVID-19 Statewide Response to Ensure Access to Critical Care and Medical-Surgical Beds
Karyn D. Baum, MD, MHA; Lauren Vlaanderen, MHA; Walter James, MPP; Mary Jo Huppert, BSN, RN, CCM; Paul Kettler, MD; Christine Chell, MBA; Adam Shadiow, MBA; Helen Strike, RN, MHA; Kay Greenlee, MSN, APRN, CNS; Daniel Brown, MD, PhD; John L. Hick, MD; Jack M. Wolf, BA; Mark B. Fiecas, PhD; Erin McLachlan, MIA; Judy Seaberg, MS; Sean MacDonnell, BA; Sarah Kesler, MD, MPA; and Jeffrey R. Dichter, MD, FCCP
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.016
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 95-109
Effect of Admission and Onset Time on the Prognosis of Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Michael Behnes, MD; Jonas Rusnak, MD; Sascha Egner-Walter, MS; Marinela Ruka, MD; Jonas Dudda, MS; Alexander Schmitt, MS; Jan Forner, MS; Kambis Mashayekhi, MD; Péter Tajti, PhD; Mohamed Ayoub, MD; Christel Wei?, PhD; Ibrahim Akin, MD; and Tobias Schupp, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.011
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 110-127
Association Between Paxlovid and Mortality Rates in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Receiving Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Ming-Jin Yang, MD Li Jiang, BS Li Xu, MD Shu-Liang Guo, MD Chongqing, China
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.012
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 128-131
Impact of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension on Survival: A Large Cohort Study of the German Network for Systemic Sclerosis
Pia Moinzadeh, MD; Francesco Bonella, MD; Max Oberste, BScPsych; Jithmi Weliwitage, MSc; Nobert Blank, MD; Gabriela Riemekasten, MD; Ulf Müller-Ladner, MD; J?rg Henes, MD; Elise Siegert, MD; Claudia Günther, MD; Ina K?tter, MD; Christiane Pfeiffer, MD; Marc Schmalzing, MD; Gabriele Zeidler, MD; Peter Korsten, MD; Laura Susok, MD; Aaron Juche, MD; Margitta Worm, MD; Ilona Jandova, MD; Jan Ehrchen, MD; Cord Sunderk?tter, MD; Gernot Key?er, MD; Andreas Ramming, MD; Tim Schmeiser, MD; Alexander Kreuter, MD; Hanns-Martin Lorenz, MD; Nicolas Hunzelmann, MD; and Michael Kreuter, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.013
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 132-145
Comparing the Utilization of Antifibrotic Medications Based on Income Level
Timothy M. Dempsey, MD, MPH Travis AFB, CA Viengneesee Thao, PhD David Helfinstine, MS Lindsey Sangaralingham, MPH Andrew H. Limper, MD Rochester, MN
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.4215
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 146-149
Unique Changes in the Incidence of Acute Chest Syndrome in Children With Sickle Cell Disease Unravel the Role of Respiratory Pathogens: A Time Series Analysis
Zein Assad, MD; Zaba Valtuille, MSc; Alexis Rybak, MD, PhD; Florentia Kaguelidou, MD, PhD; Andrea Lazzati, MD, PhD; Emmanuelle Varon, MD; Luu-Ly Pham, MD; Léa Lenglart, MD; Albert Faye, MD, PhD; Marion Caseris, MD; Robert Cohen, MD; Corinne Levy, MD; Astrid Vabret, MD, PhD; François Gravey, MD, PhD; François Angoulvant, MD, PhD; Bérengère Koehl, MD, PhD; and Naïm Ouldali, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.4219
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 150-160
The Subglottic Stenosis 6 Questionnaire: A Novel Quality-of-Life Survey Validated to Predict Need for Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Richard J. Lu, MBA; Baraa Hijaz, BA; Matthew R. Naunheim, MD; Lily Stevenson, BS; and Ramon A. Franco Jr, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.4217
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 161-171
Arithmetic Behind a Positive Bronchodilator Response
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.066
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 172-175
Playing Not to Lose
Kara L. Dupuy-McCauley, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.02.005
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 176-177
Disparities in the Pre-Lung Transplantation Process for Rural Patients at a Nontransplantation Center
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.010
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 178-180
Toward the Implementation of Optimal Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Risk Stratification in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Lucas R. Celant, MD; Jeroen N. Wessels, MD; J. Tim Marcus, PhD; Lilian J. Meijboom, MD, PhD; Harm Jan Bogaard, MD, PhD; Frances S. de Man, PhD; and Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.028
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 181-191
Implementing a Pediatric Pulmonary Embolism Response Team Model: An Institutional Experience
Dalia A. Bashir, MD; Jamie C. Cargill, MD; Srinath Gowda, MD; Matthew Musick, MD; Ryan Coleman, MD; Corey A. Chartan, DO; Lisa Hensch, MD; Amir Pezeshkmehr, MD; Athar M. Qureshi, MD; and Sarah E. Sartain, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.027
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 192-201
Incident Coronary Calcium Score in Patients With OSA With and Without Excessive Sleepiness: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health
Erique José Farias Peixoto de Miranda, MD, PhD; Diego R. Mazzotti, PhD; Ronaldo B. Santos, PhD; Silvana P. Souza, MD; Barbara K. Parise, PhD; Soraya Giatti, PhD; Aline N. Aielo, PhD; Lorenna F. Cunha, PhD; Wagner A. Silva, PhD; Luiz A. Bortolotto, MD, PhD; Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho, MD, PhD; Paulo A. Lotufo, MD, MPH; Isabela M. Bensenor, MD, PhD; M?rcio S. Bittencourt, MD, PhD; and Luciano F. Drager, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.06.025
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 202-212
Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Risk of Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Mengmeng Li, PhD; Su-Mei Cao, PhD; Niki Dimou, PhD; Lan Wu, BSc; Ji-Bin Li, PhD; and Jun Yang, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.003
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 213-223
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Lung Cancer Screening Efficacy in the National Lung Screening Trial
Robert P. Young, MD, PhD, DSc Raewyn J. Scott, BN, MPH, PhD Auckland, New Zealand Ralph C. Ward, PhD Gerard A. Silvestri, MD Charleston, SC
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.002
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 224-228
Corrigendum to: CHEST 2023;163(3):678-686
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.11.034
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Page 229
Pulmonary Nocardiosis With Endobronchial Involvement Caused by Nocardia araoensis
Yuka Tajima, MD; Takahiro Tashiro, MD; Tsuguhiro Furukawa, MD; Katsumi Murata, MD, PhD; Akira Takaki, MD; Kazuaki Sugahara, MD; Akiko Sakagami, MD, PhD; Megumi Inaba, MD; Takashi Marutsuka, MD, PhD; and Naomi Hirata, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.067
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages e1-e4
A 37-Year-Old Man With Dyspnea, Bilateral Lung Consolidation, and a Tracheal Mass
Rohit Shirgaonkar, MD; Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, MD; Aswathy Girija, DNB; Prity Sharma, MS; Preetam Chappity, MS; and Sagar Ranjan Tripathy, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.065
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages e5-e10
A 39-Year-Old Man With Refractory Chronic Cough Accompanied by Regurgitation and Belching
Xu Shi, MD, PhD; Shuxin Zhong, MD; Mingyu Zhong, MD; Songfeng Chen, MD; Jing Li, MD, PhD; Yinglian Xiao, MD, PhD; and Ruchong Chen, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.001
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages e11-e17
An 83-Year-Old Woman With Hypoxemia and Encephalopathy
Umair Ansari, MD; Puja Bhardwaj, MD; Lloyd Muzangwa, MD; and Andrew Weber, MD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2022.12.052
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages e19-e21
Taking a Closer Look: Collection of Blood Cultures From Arterial Catheters and Venipuncture in the ICU
Alexandre E. Malek, MD Shreveport, LA
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.4223
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages e23-e24
Response
Izumi Nakayama, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.010
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Page e24
Sarcoidosis in the Military May Be Chronic Beryllium Disease
Lisa A. Maier, MD Margaret M. Mroz, MSPH Nancy Lin, MD Annyce Mayer, MD MSPH Elizabeth Barker, MPH Denver, CO
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.4221
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Page e25
Response
Mohamed I. Seedahmed, MD, MPH Pittsburgh, PA Mohamed T. Albirair, MBBS, MPH Seattle, WA Mary A. Whooley, MD Laura L. Koth, MD, MAS Paul D. Blanc, MD, MSPH Mehrdad Arjomandi, MD San Francisco, CA
doi : 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.001
Volume 165, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages e25-e26
