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Greetings from the editor 2023/2
Josef S Smolen
doi : 10.1136/ard-2023-224301
June 2023 - Volume 82 - 6
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases collection on lupus nephritis (2019–2022): novel insights and advances in therapy
Myrto Kostopoulou, Antonis Fanouriakis, George Bertsias, Dimitrios T Boumpas
doi : 10.1136/ard-2023-223880
No single organ has received as much attention in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as the kidneys. During the period 2019–2022, the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases published several original papers, brief reports and letters that further elucidate the pathogenesis and advance the management of LN. A selection of representative original papers is highlighted in this review.
Site of invasion revisited: epigenetic drivers of joint destruction in RA
Caroline Ospelt
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-222554
New analytical methods and the increasing availability of synovial biopsies have recently provided unprecedented insights into synovial activation in general and synovial fibroblast (SF) biology in particular. In the course of this development, SFs have become one of the most rapidly evolving and exciting fields of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research. While their active role in the invasion of RA synovium into cartilage has long been studied, recent studies have brought new aspects of their heterogeneity and propagation in RA. This review integrates old and new evidence to give an overview picture of the processes active at the sites of invasive synovial tissue growth in RA.
At the crossroads of inflammation and fibrosis: epiregulin
Steven O'Reilly
doi : 10.1136/ard-2023-223851
2022 EULAR recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of chronic and opportunistic infections in adults with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases
George E Fragoulis, Elena Nikiphorou, Mrinalini Dey, Sizheng Steven Zhao, Delphine Sophie Courvoisier, Laurent Arnaud, Fabiola Atzeni, Georg MN Behrens, Johannes WJ Bijlsma, Peter Böhm, Costas A Constantinou, Silvia Garcia-Diaz, Meliha Crnkic Kapetanovic, Kim Lauper, Mariana LuÃs, Jacques Morel, György Nagy, Eva Polverino, Jef van Rompay, Marco Sebastiani, Anja Strangfeld, Annette de Thurah, James Galloway, Kimme L Hyrich
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223335
Objectives To develop EULAR recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of chronic and opportunistic infections in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD).
2022 EULAR points to consider for the measurement, reporting and application of IFN-I pathway activation assays in clinical research and practice
Javier RodrÃguez-Carrio, Agata Burska, Philip G Conaghan, Willem A Dik, Robert Biesen, Maija-Leena Eloranta, Giulio Cavalli, Marianne Visser, Dimitrios T Boumpas, George Bertsias, Marie Wahren-Herlenius, Jan Rehwinkel, Marie-Louise Frémond, Mary K Crow, Lars Rönnblom, Marjan A Versnel, Edward M Vital
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223628
Background Type I interferons (IFN-Is) play a role in a broad range of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), and compelling evidence suggests that their measurement could have clinical value, although testing has not progressed into clinical settings.
Instrument selection for the ASAS core outcome set for axial spondyloarthritis
Victoria Navarro-Compán, Anne Boel, Annelies Boonen, Philip J Mease, Maxime Dougados, Uta Kiltz, Robert B M Landewé, Xenofon Baraliakos, Wilson Bautista-Molano, Praveena Chiowchanwisawakit, Hanne Dagfinrud, Lara Fallon, Marco Garrido-Cumbrera, Lianne Gensler, Bassel Kamal ElZorkany, Nigil Haroon, Yu Heng Kwan, Pedro M Machado, Walter Maksymowych, Anna Molto, Natasha de Peyrecave, Denis Poddubnyy, Mikhail Protopopov, Sofia Ramiro, In-Ho Song, Salima van Weely, Désirée van der Heijde
doi : 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222747
Objectives To define the instruments for the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society–Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology (ASAS-OMERACT) core domain set for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).
Consensus statement on blocking interleukin-6 receptor and interleukin-6 in inflammatory conditions: an update
Daniel Aletaha, Andreas Kerschbaumer, Kastriot Kastrati, Christian Dejaco, Maxime Dougados, Iain B McInnes, Naveed Sattar, Tanja A Stamm, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Michael Trauner, Désirée van der Heijde, Marieke Voshaar, Kevin L Winthrop, Angelo Ravelli, Neil Betteridge, Gerd-Rüdiger R Burmester, Johannes WJ Bijlsma, Vivian Bykerk, Roberto Caporali, Ernest H Choy, Catalin Codreanu, Bernard Combe, Mary K Crow, Maarten de Wit, Paul Emery, Roy M Fleischmann, Cem Gabay, Merete Lund Hetland, Kimme L Hyrich, Annamaria Iagnocco, John D Isaacs, Joel M Kremer, Xavier Mariette, Peter A Merkel, Eduardo F Mysler, Peter Nash, Michael T Nurmohamed, Karel Pavelka, Gyula Poor, Andrea Rubbert-Roth, Hendrik Schulze-Koops, Anja Strangfeld, Yoshiya Tanaka, Josef S Smolen
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-222784
Background Targeting interleukin (IL)-6 has become a major therapeutic strategy in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Interference with the IL-6 pathway can be directed at the specific receptor using anti-IL-6Rα antibodies or by directly inhibiting the IL-6 cytokine. This paper is an update of a previous consensus document, based on most recent evidence and expert opinion, that aims to inform on the medical use of interfering with the IL-6 pathway.
Towards development of treat to target (T2T) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: PReS-endorsed overarching principles and points-to-consider from an international task force
Eve Mary Dorothy Smith, Amita Aggarwal, Jenny Ainsworth, Eslam Al-Abadi, Tadej Avcin, Lynette Bortey, Jon Burnham, Coziana Ciurtin, Christian M Hedrich, Sylvia Kamphuis, Deborah M Levy, Laura B Lewandowski, Naomi Maxwell, Eric F Morand, Seza Ozen, Clare E Pain, Angelo Ravelli, Claudia Saad Magalhaes, Clarissa A Pilkington, Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema, Christiaan Scott, Kjell Tullus, Michael William Beresford
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223328
Objectives Application of ‘treat-to-target’ (T2T) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) may improve care and health outcomes. This initiative aimed to harmonise existing evidence and expert opinion regarding T2T for cSLE.
Pathogenic antibody response to glucose-6-phosphate isomerase targets a modified epitope uniquely exposed on joint cartilage
Taotao Li, Changrong Ge, Alexander Krämer, Outi Sareila, Monica Leu Agelii, Linda Johansson, Kristina Forslind, Erik Lönnblom, Min Yang, Bingze Xu, Qixing Li, Lei Cheng, Göran Bergström, Gonzalo Fernandez, Alf Kastbom, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Inger Gjertsson, Rikard Holmdahl
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223633
Objectives To identify the arthritogenic B cell epitopes of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) and their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Immunomics analysis of rheumatoid arthritis identified precursor dendritic cells as a key cell subset of treatment resistance
Saeko Yamada, Yasuo Nagafuchi, Min Wang, Mineto Ota, Hiroaki Hatano, Yusuke Takeshima, Mai Okubo, Satomi Kobayashi, Yusuke Sugimori, Nakano Masahiro, Ryochi Yoshida, Norio Hanata, Yuichi Suwa, Yumi Tsuchida, Yukiko Iwasaki, Shuji Sumitomo, Kanae Kubo, Kenichi Shimane, Keigo Setoguchi, Takanori Azuma, Hiroko Kanda, Hirofumi Shoda, Xuan Zhang, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Kazuyoshi Ishigaki, Tomohisa Okamura, Keishi Fujio
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223645
Objectives Little is known about the immunology underlying variable treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We performed large-scale transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood immune cell subsets to identify immune cells that predict treatment resistance.
Uptake and effectiveness of newer biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in psoriatic arthritis: results from five Nordic biologics registries
Bente Glintborg, Daniela Di Giuseppe, Johan Karlsson Wallman, Dan C Nordström, Bjorn Gudbjornsson, Merete Lund Hetland, Johan Askling, Gerdur Grondal, Tuulikki Sokka, Sella A Provan, Brigitte Michelsen, Eirik Klami Kristianslund, Lene Dreyer, Thorvardur Jon Love, Ulf Lindström
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223650
Background We aimed to describe the uptake of newer biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the Nordic countries and to compare their retention and effectiveness.
Transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct subsets of immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myositis
Iago Pinal-Fernandez, Angela Quintana, Jose Cesar Milisenda, Maria Casal-Dominguez, Sandra Muñoz-Braceras, Assia Derfoul, Jiram Torres-Ruiz, Katherine Pak, Stefania Dell'Orso, Faiza Naz, Gustavo Gutierrez-Cruz, Margherita Milone, Shahar Shelly, Yaiza Duque-Jaimez, Ester Tobias-Baraja, Ana Matas-Garcia, Gloria Garrabou, Joan Padrosa, Javier Ros, Ernesto Trallero-Araguás, Brian Walitt, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Thomas E Lloyd, Chen Zhao, Shannon Swift, Arun Rajan, Josep Maria Grau-Junyent, Albert Selva-O'Callaghan, Teerin Liewluck, Andrew Lee Mammen
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223792
Objectives Inflammatory myopathy or myositis is a heterogeneous family of immune-mediated diseases including dermatomyositis (DM), antisynthetase syndrome (AS), immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can also cause myositis (ICI-myositis). This study was designed to define gene expression patterns in muscle biopsies from patients with ICI-myositis.
Identification of new risk loci shared across systemic vasculitides points towards potential target genes for drug repurposing
Lourdes Ortiz-Fernández, Elio G Carmona, Martin Kerick, Paul Lyons, Francisco David Carmona, Raquel López MejÃas, Chiea Chuen Khor, Peter C Grayson, Enrico Tombetti, Lindi Jiang, Haner Direskeneli, Guher Saruhan-Direskeneli, José-Luis Callejas-Rubio, Augusto Vaglio, Carlo Salvarani, Jose Hernández-RodrÃguez, Maria Cinta Cid, Ann W Morgan, Peter A Merkel, David Burgner, Kenneth GC Smith, Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay, Amr H Sawalha, Javier Martin, Ana Marquez
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223697
Objectives The number of susceptibility loci currently associated with vasculitis is lower than in other immune-mediated diseases due in part to small cohort sizes, a consequence of the low prevalence of vasculitides. This study aimed to identify new genetic risk loci for the main systemic vasculitides through a comprehensive analysis of their genetic overlap.
Proteinase 3 promotes formation of multinucleated giant cells and granuloma-like structures in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Scott R Henderson, Harry Horsley, Paul Frankel, Maryam Khosravi, Talya Goble, Stephen Carter, Marilina Antonelou, Rhys D R Evans, Xiang Zhang, Tai-Ying Chu, Hsi-Hsien Lin, Siamon Gordon, Alan David Salama
doi : 10.1136/ard-2021-221800
Objectives Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are autoimmune vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies that target proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO) found within neutrophils and monocytes. Granulomas are exclusively found in GPA and form around multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), at sites of microabscesses, containing apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils.
Efficacy and safety of emapalumab in macrophage activation syndrome
Fabrizio De Benedetti, Alexei A Grom, Paul A Brogan, Claudia Bracaglia, Manuela Pardeo, Giulia Marucci, Despina Eleftheriou, Charalampia Papadopoulou, Grant S Schulert, Pierre Quartier, Jordi Antón, Christian Laveille, Rikke Frederiksen, Veronica Asnaghi, Maria Ballabio, Philippe Jacqmin, Cristina de Min
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223739
Objectives Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, life-threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD). The objective of this study was to confirm the adequacy of an emapalumab dosing regimen in relation to interferon-γ (IFNγ) activity by assessing efficacy and safety. The efficacy outcome was MAS remission by week 8, based on clinical and laboratory criteria.
Increased risk of osteoarthritis in patients with atopic disease
Matthew C Baker, Khushboo Sheth, Rong Lu, Di Lu, Ericka P von Kaeppler, Archana Bhat, David T Felson, William H Robinson
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223640
Objectives To determine the incidence of osteoarthrits (OA) in patients with atopic disease compared with matched non-exposed patients.
Meta-analysis of erosive hand osteoarthritis identifies four common variants that associate with relatively large effect
Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Lilja Stefansdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Olafur A Stefansson, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Sigrun H Lund, Thorunn Rafnar, Kazuyuki Hoshijima, Kendra Novak, Natividad Oreiro, Ignacio Rego-Perez, Channing Hansen, Nikolas Kazmers, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Francisco J Blanco, Tyler Barker, Margreet Kloppenburg, Michael J Jurynec, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Helgi Jonsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223468
Objectives Erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) is a severe subset of hand osteoarthritis (OA). It is unclear if EHOA is genetically different from other forms of OA. Sequence variants at ten loci have been associated with hand OA but none with EHOA.
BLyS/APRIL dual inhibition for IgG4-RD: a prospective single-arm clinical trial of telitacicept
Shaozhe Cai, Ziwei Hu, Yu Chen, Yuxue Chen, Bingxia Ming, Rongfen Gao, Zhen Li, Cong Ye, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223529
Persistence of seroconversion at 6 months following primary immunisation in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
Luuk Wieske, Eileen W Stalman, P J Koos van Dam, Laura Y Kummer, Maurice Steenhuis, Zoe L E van Kempen, Joep Killestein, Adriaan G Volkers, Sander W Tas, Laura Boekel, Gertjan Wolbink, Anneke Van der Kooi, Joost Raaphorst, Mark Löwenberg, Bart Takkenberg, Geert R A M D’Haens, Phyllis I Spuls, Marcel W Bekkenk, Annelie H Musters, Nicoline F Post, Angela L Bosma, Marc L Hilhorst, Yosta Vegting, Frederique J Bemelman, Alexandre Voskuyl, Bo Broens, Agner Parra Sanchez, Cécile A C M van Els, Jelle De Wit, Abraham Rutgers, Karina de Leeuw, Barbara Horváth, Jan J G M Verschuuren, Annabel M Ruiter, Lotte van Ouwerkerk, Diane van der Woude, Cornelia F Allaart, Y K Onno Teng, Pieter van Paassen, Matthias H Busch, Papay B P Jallah, Esther Brusse, Pieter A van Doorn, Adája Elisabeth Baars, Dirkjan Hijnen, Corine R G Schreurs, W Ludo Van der Pol, H Stephan Goedee, Sofie Keijzer, Jim Keijser, Olvi Cristianawati, Anja ten Brinke, Niels J M Verstegen, Koos A H Zwinderman, S Marieke van Ham, Taco W Kuijpers, Theo Rispens, Filip Eftimov
doi : 10.1136/ard-2022-223464
Correspondence on ‘Statistical review: frequently given comments
Daisuke Waki, Masahiro Banno, Takashi Fujiwara
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Statistical review: frequently given comments’’ by Waki et al
Stian Lydersen
Correspondence on ‘SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disease’
Shanoj K C, Sakir Ahmed, Veena Shenoy, Aparna R Menon, Sanjo Saijan, Sageer AS Babu, Padmanabha Shenoy
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disease’’ by C et al
Kristin M D’Silva, Naomi Serling-Boyd, Tiffany Y-T Hsu, Jeffrey A Sparks, Zachary Scott Wallace
Correspondence on ‘Second COVID-19 infection in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis on rituximab’
Desiree Tampe, Peter Korsten, Samy Hakroush, Martin Sebastian Winkler, Björn Tampe
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Second COVID-19 infection in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis on rituximab’’ by Tampe et al
Marcia A Friedman, Kevin L Winthrop
Correspondence on ‘Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study’
Aimilios Kaklamanos, Panagiotis Karamichalos, Panayiotis G Vlachoyiannopoulos, Athanasios G Tzioufas
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study’’ by Kaklamanos et al
Sofia Ramiro, Rémy L M Mostard, Robert B M Landewé
Correspondence on ‘Onset of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19: coincidence or connected?’
Rashmi Roongta, Arghya Chattopadhyay, Alakendu Ghosh
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Onset of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19: coincidence or connected?’’ by Roongta et al
Veerle F A M Derksen, Diane van der Woude
Correspondence on ‘Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry’
James Todd Rosenbaum, Michael H Weisman, Cassie Shafer, Elin Aslanyan, Richard A Howard, Kimberly Ogle, Hedley Hamilton, John D Reveille, Kevin L Winthrop, Dongseok Choi
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician reported registry’’ by Rosenbaum et al
Kimme L Hyrich, Martin Schäfer, Anja Strangfeld, Loreto Carmona, Laure Gossec, Elsa F Mateus, Saskia Lawson-Tovey, Milena Gianfrancesco, Philip C Robinson, Jinoos Yazdany, Pedro M Machado
Correspondence to: ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry’ by Gianfrancesco et al
Rachael Mary Flood, Richard Conway, Colm Kirby, Diana Gheta, David J Kane, Ronan H Mullan
Correspondence on ‘Concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids and proton pump inhibitors and risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study
Tsung-Kun Lin, Lung-Fa Pan, Gwo-Ping Jong
Correspondence on ‘Concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids and proton pump inhibitors and risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study
Zhen Gong, Fangjie Zhang
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids and proton pump inhibitors and risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study’ by Gong and Zhang and Lin et al
Shahab Abtahi, Johanna H M Driessen, Andrea M Burden, Patrick C Souverein, Joop P van den Bergh, Annelies Boonen
Correspondence on ‘Lupus or not? SLE Risk Probability Index (SLERPI): a simple, clinician-friendly machine-learning-based model to assist the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Ezgi Deniz Batu, Ummusen Kaya Akca, Ozge Basaran, Yelda Bilginer, Seza Ozen
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Lupus or not? SLE Risk Probability Index (SLERPI): a simple, clinician-friendly machine learning-based model to assist the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus’ by Batu et al
Christina Adamichou, George Bertsias
Correspondence on: ‘What comes after the lockdown? Clustering of ANCA-associated vasculitis: single-centre observation of a spatiotemporal pattern
Alojzija Ho�evar, Aleš Ambroži�, Matija Tomši�
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘What comes after the lockdown? Clustering of ANCA-associated vasculitis: single-centre observation of a spatiotemporal pattern’’ by Hocevar et al
Philipp Gauckler, Erica L Bettac, Andreas Kronbichler
Correspondence on ‘Interleukin 6 receptor inhibition in primary Sjögren syndrome: a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial
Liseth de Wolff, Suzanne Arends, Gwenny M Verstappen, Arjan Vissink, Frans G M Kroese, Hendrika Bootsma
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Interleukin 6 receptor inhibition in primary Sjögren syndrome: a multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial’’ by de Wolff et al
Renaud Felten, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
Correspondence on ‘Warfarin use and risk of knee and hip replacements
Chao Cheng, Fangjie Zhang
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Warfarin use and risk of knee and hip replacements’’ by Cheng and Zhang
Tuhina Neogi, Christine Peloquin, Priyanka Ballal, Cindy Germaine Boer
Paradoxical gastrointestinal effects of interleukin-17 blockers
Pankti Mehta, Able Lawrence, Amita Aggarwal
