Human Reproduction




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The changing tide of human fertility

R John Aitken

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac011

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 629–638

Over the past half-century, the world has witnessed a steep decline in fertility rates in virtually every country on Earth.

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Are serum progesterone measurements truly representative for the identification of an adequate luteal phase in hormonal replacement therapy frozen embryo transfers?

B Lawrenz, H M Fatemi

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac017

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 639–643

Progesterone (P4) is crucial for the achievement and maintenance of a pregnancy and with rising numbers of frozen embryo transfers (FETs) performed worldwide, the search for the ‘optimal’ P4 levels in HRT FET cycles became a focus of research. Certainly, measurement of systemic P4 levels is an easy applicable tool and P4 levels, considered as being too low, could be addressed by changing and/or increasing exogenously administered P4.

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Use of ‘omics for endometrial timing: the cycle moves on

John D Aplin, Adam Stevens

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac022

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 644–650

For some years, the prospect of precise and personalized timing of the endometrial cycle for optimal embryo replacement has been held out as a potential solution to low implantation rates. It is envisaged that a receptive state can be defined and reached at a predictable time, and embryo replacement performed in synchrony.

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Sperm acquire epididymis-derived proteins through epididymosomes

F Barrachina, M A Battistone, J Castillo, C Mallofré, M Jodar, S Breton, R Oliva

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac015

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 651–668

Testicular sperm are immature cells unable to fertilize an oocyte. After leaving the testis, sperm transit along the epididymis to acquire motility and fertilizing abilities. It is well known that marked changes in the sperm proteome profile occur during epididymal maturation

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Mitochondrial DNA content reduction in the most fertile spermatozoa is accompanied by increased mitochondrial DNA rearrangement

M Boguenet, V Desquiret-Dumas, D Goudenège, C Bris, L Boucret, O Blanchet, V Procaccio, P E Bouet, P Reynier, P May-Panloup

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac024

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 669–679

While there is a consensus that mtDNA content is decreased in the most fertile spermatozoa, the role of mtDNA sequence alteration in male infertility is unclear. High-throughput sequencing, which allows an exhaustive analysis of mtDNA rearrangements and mutations, could be helpful in this context, but has yet to be used.

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Autophagy is activated in human spermatozoa subjected to oxidative stress and its inhibition impairs sperm quality and promotes cell death

Pamela Uribe, Juan Meriño, Carola E Matus, Mabel Schulz, Fabiola Zambrano, Juana V Villegas, Iván Conejeros, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla, Raúl Sánchez

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac021

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 680–695

Autophagy is a regulated pathway of lysosomal degradation which helps eukaryotic cells to maintain or restore homeostasis, being a cellular stress response mechanism.

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The impact of maternal smoking on embryonic morphological development: the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort

C S Pietersma, A G M G J Mulders, A Sabanovic, S P Willemsen, M S Jansen, E A P Steegers, R P M Steegers-Theunissen, M Rousian

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac018

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 696–707

Smoking during pregnancy decreases prenatal growth, increasing the risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age (GA) and childhood obesity.

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A double-blind randomized controlled trial investigating a time-lapse algorithm for selecting Day 5 blastocysts for transfer

Aisling Ahlström, Kersti Lundin, Anna-Karin Lind, Kristina Gunnarsson, Göran Westlander, Hannah Park, Anna Thurin-Kjellberg, Steinunn A Thorsteinsdottir, Snorri Einarsson, Mari Åström, Kristina Löfdahl, Judith Menezes, Susanne Callender, Cina Nyberg, Jens Winerdal, Camilla Stenfelt, Brit-Randi Jonassen, Nan Oldereid, Lisa Nolte, Malin Sundler, Thorir Hardarson

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac020

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 708–717

Evidence from time-lapse monitoring suggests correlations between timing of key developmental events and embryo viability. No good quality evidence exists to support improved pregnancy rates following time-lapse selection.

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Conjoined twins after single blastocyst transfer: a case report including detailed time-lapse recording of the earliest embryogenesis, from zygote to expanded blastocyst

Marie Louise Grøndahl, Julie Elisabeth Tharin, Lisa Leth Maroun, Finn Stener Jørgensen

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac004

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 718–724

Conjoined twins are estimated to occur in 1:50 000 pregnancies. Eighteen cases of pregnancies achieved by ART have been published of which three were achieved after single embryo transfer, allowing discussion of embryo characteristics.

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Intrauterine administration of G-CSF for promoting endometrial growth after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis: a randomized controlled trial

Yanling Zhang, Xuanyu Chen, Sijia Chen, Cheng Wei, Baijia Li, Zilian Wang, Xiaolu Shen, Xiaona Lin

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac023

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 725–733

Intrauterine infusion of G-CSF has been used in attempts to treat patients with recurrent miscarriage and an idiopathic thin endometrium for either fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles but without uniform efficacy.

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Uterine fluid microRNAs are dysregulated in women with recurrent implantation failure

Carolina von Grothusen, Caroline Frisendahl, Vijayachitra Modhukur, Parameswaran Grace Lalitkumar, Maire Peters, Omid R Faridani, Andres Salumets, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac019

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 734–746

It has previously been demonstrated that the miRNAs secreted from endometrial cells into the UF contribute to the achievement of endometrial receptivity. Endometrial miRNAs are dysregulated in women with RIF.

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EndoTime: non-categorical timing estimates for luteal endometrium

Julia Lipecki, Andrew E Mitchell, Joanne Muter, Emma S Lucas, Komal Makwana, Katherine Fishwick, Joshua Odendaal, Amelia Hawkes, Pavle Vrljicak, Jan J Brosens, Sascha Ott

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac006

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 747–761

Commercially available endometrial timing approaches based on gene expression require large gene sets and use a categorical approach that classifies samples as pre-receptive, receptive or post-receptive.

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Breaking the ageing paradigm in endometrium: endometrial gene expression related to cilia and ageing hallmarks in women over 35 years

A Devesa-Peiro, P Sebastian-Leon, A Parraga-Leo, A Pellicer, P Diaz-Gimeno

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac010

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 762–776

Female fertility declines with age, largely attributed to declining oocyte quality and ovarian reserve. Combined with other evidence, a longstanding paradigm holds that age does not affect the endometrial function and age has not been controlled for properly in endometrial studies.

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Trophectoderm differentiation to invasive syncytiotrophoblast is promoted by endometrial epithelial cells during human embryo implantation

Peter T Ruane, Terence Garner, Lydia Parsons, Phoebe A Babbington, Ivan Wangsaputra, Susan J Kimber, Adam Stevens, Melissa Westwood, Daniel R Brison, John D Aplin

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac008

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 777–792

A significant proportion of natural conceptions and assisted reproduction treatments fail due to unsuccessful implantation. The trophectoderm lineage of the embryo attaches to the endometrial epithelium before breaching this barrier to implant into the endometrium.

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Emulating a target trial of the comparative effectiveness of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for ovulation induction

Jennifer J Yland, Yu-Han Chiu, Paolo Rinaudo, John Hsu, Miguel A Hernán, Sonia Hernández-Díaz

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac005

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 793–805

Randomized trials have reported higher pregnancy and livebirth rates for letrozole versus clomiphene among individuals with PCOS, but no differences among those with unexplained infertility. None of these trials were designed to study maternal or neonatal complications.

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Selective loss of kisspeptin signaling in oocytes causes progressive premature ovulatory failure

Suvi T Ruohonen, Francisco Gaytan, Andrea Usseglio Gaudi, Inmaculada Velasco, Krisztina Kukoricza, Cecilia Perdices-Lopez, Delphine Franssen, Ipek Guler, Arfa Mehmood, Laura L Elo, Claes Ohlsson, Matti Poutanen, Manuel Tena-Sempere

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deab287

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 806–821

Kisspeptins, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, are essential for the control of ovulation and fertility, acting primarily on hypothalamic GnRH neurons to stimulate gonadotropin secretion.

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Excess mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts birth numbers in European countries

Christian De Geyter, Maddalena Masciocchi, Ursula Gobrecht-Keller

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac031

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 822–827

Since March 2020, in order to minimize spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and reducing strain on the health care systems, many national authorities have imposed containments and restricted both indoor and outdoor recreational activities. Historical events, such as electricity blackouts, have repeatedly been shown to exert incremental effects on birth numbers.

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Dietary folate intake and fecundability in two preconception cohorts

Heidi T Cueto, Bjarke H Jacobsen, Anne Sofie Dam Laursen, Anders H Riis, Elizabeth E Hatch, Lauren A Wise, Ellen Trolle, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Kenneth J Rothman, Amelia K Wesselink, Sydney Willis, Benjamin R Johannesen, Ellen M Mikkelsen

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac002

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 828–837

Supplemental folic acid has been associated with improved fertility, but little is known about the relation between dietary folate and fecundability.

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Fertility drugs and incidence of thyroid cancer in a Danish nationwide cohort of 146 024 infertile women

Sofie Lindquist, Susanne K Kjær, Vanna Albieri, Kirsten Frederiksen, Tatiana Hansen, Bugge Nøhr, Allan Jensen

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deab285

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 838–847

The incidence of thyroid cancer is higher for women than men, especially during reproductive years, indicating that reproductive hormones may be involved in the development of thyroid cancer.

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Association of peripubertal blood lead levels with reproductive hormones and semen parameters in a longitudinal cohort of Russian men

Paige L Williams, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón, Susan A Korrick, Mary M Lee, Bora Plaku-Alakbarova, Jane S Burns, Luidmila Smigulina, Yury Dikov, Ramy Abou Ghayda, Russ Hauser, Oleg Sergeyev

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deab288

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 848–858

Lead is a known reproductive toxicant and endocrine disruptor. Previous literature has shown associations between high lead exposure and poorer semen quality both in occupationally and environmentally exposed men. However, to our knowledge, no longitudinal studies have explored the association of childhood lead exposure with semen parameters and reproductive hormones in young men.

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Identification of a heterozygous variant of ZP2 as a novel cause of empty follicle syndrome in humans and mice

Ying Shen, Jing Guo, Xueguang Zhang, Xiang Wang, Shaomi Zhu, Daijuan Chen, Wei Xiong, Guangxiu Lu, Xiaojun Liu, Can Dai, Fei Gong, Yan Wang, Ge Lin, Zhenbo Wang, Wenming Xu

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac026

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 859–872

EFS is a complex disease defined as a complete failure of oocyte retrieval after ovarian stimulation and after repeated aspirations and flushing of mature ovarian follicles.

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#ESHREjc report: Discrete choice experiments and patient decision-making in ART

Zoya Enakshi Ali, Juan J Fraire-Zamora, Julia Uraji, Sofia Makieva, Claudia Massarotti, Mina Mincheva, Omar Farhan Ammar, Joaquin Llacer, Mariana V Martins, Mariana Moura-Ramos, Rui Wang, Florian Kohlhepp

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac033

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 873–875

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Corrigendum to: P-733 In infertile patients, risk factors for environmental reprotoxic exposure are widespread, limited in number and modifiable

S Prades, C Sunyach, B Courbiere, C Metzler-Guillemain, F Bretelle, I Sari-Minodier, J Perrin

doi : 10.1093/humrep/deac025

Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2022, Page 876

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