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Surgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: clinical outcomes of patients included in the registry of a pragmatic randomized trial
Tim E. Darsaut MD , Elsa Magro MD , Michel W. Bojanowski MD , Chiraz Chaalala MD , Lorena Nico MD , Emma Bacchus BSc , Ruby Klink PhD , Daniela Iancu MD , Alain Weill MD , Daniel Roy MD , Jean-Francois Sabatier MD , Christophe Cognard MD , Anne-Christine Januel MD , Isabelle Pelissou-Guyotat MD , Omer Eker MD , Pierre-Hugues Roche MD , Thomas Graillon MD , Hervé Brunel MD , Francois Proust MD , Rémy Beaujeux MD , Sorin Aldea MD , Michel Piotin MD , Philippe Cornu MD , Eimad Shotar MD , Thomas Gaberel MD , Charlotte Barbier MD , Marine Le Corre MD , Vincent Costalat MD, PhD , Vincent Jecko MD , Xavier Barreau MD , Xavier Morandi MD , Jean-Yves Gauvrit MD , Stéphane Derrey MD , Chrysanthi Papagiannaki MD , Thanh N. Nguyen MD , Mohamad Abdalkader MD , Rabih G. Tawk MD , Thien Huynh MD , Geraldine Viard , Guylaine Gevry BSc , Jean-Christophe Gentric MD , Jean Raymond MD , and the TOBAS Collaborative Group
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS22813
Volume 138: Issue 4 (Apr 2023)
The Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Study (TOBAS) is a pragmatic study that includes 2 randomized trials and registries of treated or conservatively managed patients. The authors report the results of the surgical registry.
Long-term outcomes after surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations: analysis of 46 consecutive cases
Tomokatsu Hori MD , Mikhail Chernov MD , Yasir A. Alshebib MD , Yuichi Kubota MD , Seigo Matsuo MD , Hideki Shiramizu MD , and Yoshikazu Okada MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS22314
The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes after resection of brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) and to assess the usefulness of the Lawton grading system in these cases.
Nomogram for predicting an individual prospective hemorrhage risk in untreated brainstem cavernous malformations
Xiao-Ying Xu MD , Da Li MD , Lai-Rong Song MD , Pan-Pan Liu MD , Ze-Yu Wu MD , Liang Wang MD , Li-Wei Zhang MD , Jun-Ting Zhang MD , and Zhen Wu MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.8.JNS221228
In this study, the authors aimed to create a nomogram for precisely predicting the 5-year prospective hemorrhage risk in brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs).
Microsurgical clipping and endovascular management of unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms: how age, frailty, and comorbidity indexes influence outcomes
Sandeep Kandregula MBBS, MCh , Amey R. Savardekar MD, MCh , Danielle Terrell MD, MPH , Nimer Adeeb MD , Stephen Whipple MD , Robbie Beyl PhD , Harjus S. Birk MD , William Christopher Newman MD , Jennifer Kosty MD , Hugo Cuellar MD , and Bharat Guthikonda MD, MBA
doi : 10.3171/2022.8.JNS22372
Frailty is one of the important factors in predicting the outcomes of surgery. Many surgical specialties have adopted a frailty assessment in the preoperative period for prognostication; however, there are limited data on the effects of frailty on the outcomes of cerebral aneurysms. The object of this study was to find the effect of frailty on the surgical outcomes of anterior circulation unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and compare the frailty index with other comorbidity indexes.
North American multicenter experience with the Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
MirHojjat Khorasanizadeh MD , Max Shutran MD , Clemens M. Schirmer MD, PhD, MBA , Mohamed M. Salem MD, MPH , Andrew J. Ringer MD , Ramesh Grandhi MD , Alim P. Mitha MD , Michael R. Levitt MD , Brian T. Jankowitz MD , Philipp Taussky MD , Ajith J. Thomas MD , Justin M. Moore MD, PhD , and Christopher S. Ogilvy MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS221371
Flow diverters have revolutionized the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Here, the authors present the first large-scale North American multicenter experience using the Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED) in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
Preoperative flow analysis of arteriovenous malformations and obliteration response after stereotactic radiosurgery
Juan Diego Alzate MD, MS , Assaf Berger MD , Kenneth Bernstein MS , Reed Mullen BSc , Tanxia Qu PhD , Joshua S. Silverman MD, PhD , Maksim Shapiro MD , Peter K. Nelson MD , Eytan Raz MD, PhD , Jafar J. Jafar MD , Howard A. Riina MD , and Douglas Kondziolka MD, FRCS(C)
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS221008
Morphological and angioarchitectural features of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been widely described and associated with outcomes; however, few studies have conducted a quantitative analysis of AVM flow.
Effect of embolization before stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: a case-control study with propensity score matching
Toshinori Hasegawa MD , Takenori Kato MD , Takehiro Naito MD , Akihiro Mizuno MD , Yuta Koketsu MD , Kento Hirayama MD , and Hirotaka Niwa MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS221343
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether endovascular embolization prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has a negative impact on nidus obliteration for patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Reduction of sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2–associated vestibular schwannoma growth in vitro and in vivo after treatment with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor AS602801
Mark C. Dougherty  MD , Seiji B. Shibata  MD, PhD , J. Jason Clark  MS , Franklin J. Canady  MD , Charles W. Yates  MD , and Marlan R. Hansen  MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS22934
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign nerve sheath tumors that result from mutation in the tumor suppressor gene NF2, with functional loss of the protein merlin.
Presence of a fundal fluid cap on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging may predict long-term facial nerve function after resection of vestibular schwannoma via the retrosigmoid approach
Yuichi Fujita MD, PhD , Yoichi Uozumi MD, PhD , Takashi Sasayama MD, PhD , and Eiji Kohmura MD, PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.8.JNS221516
Preservation of neurological function is a priority when performing a resection of a vestibular schwannoma (VS). Few studies have examined the radiographic value of a fundal fluid cap—i.e., cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral end of a VS within the internal auditory canal—for prediction of postoperative neurological function.
Development and validation of a new disease-specific quality of life instrument for sporadic vestibular schwannoma: the Mayo Clinic Vestibular Schwannoma Quality of Life Index
Matthew L. Carlson MD , Christine M. Lohse MS , Michael J. Link MD , Nicole M. Tombers RN , Devin L. McCaslin PhD , Aniket A. Saoji PhD , Melanie Hutchins , and Kathleen J. Yost PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS221104
Facial nerve function, hearing preservation, and tumor control have been the primary benchmarks used to assess vestibular schwannoma (VS) outcomes.
Localizing seizure onset zones in surgical epilepsy with neurostimulation deep learning
Graham W. Johnson BS , Leon Y. Cai BS , Derek J. Doss BE , Jasmine W. Jiang BE , Aarushi S. Negi , Saramati Narasimhan PhD , Danika L. Paulo MD , Hernán F. J. González MD, PhD , Shawniqua Williams Roberson MEng, MD , Sarah K. Bick MD , Catie E. Chang PhD , Victoria L. Morgan PhD , Mark T. Wallace PhD , and Dario J. Englot MD, PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.8.JNS221321
In drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, automated tools for seizure onset zone (SOZ) localization that use brief interictal recordings could supplement presurgical evaluations and improve care. Thus, the authors sought to localize SOZs by training a multichannel convolutional neural network on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) cortico-cortical evoked potentials.
Clinical outcome of imaging-based programming for anterior thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation
Brin E. Freund MD , Elena Greco MD , Lela Okromelidze MD , Julio Mendez BS , William O. Tatum IV DO , Sanjeet S. Grewal MD , and Erik H. Middlebrooks MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS221116
The authors hypothesized that the proximity of deep brain stimulator contacts to the anterior thalamic nucleus–mammillothalamic tract (ANT-MMT) junction determines responsiveness to treatment with ANT deep brain stimulation (DBS) in drug-resistant epilepsy and conducted this study to test that hypothesis.
Association of clinical outcomes and connectivity in awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease
Ron Gadot BSc , Nora Vanegas Arroyave MD , Huy Dang BA , Adrish Anand BA , Ricardo A. Najera BSc, BA , Lisa Yutong Taneff FNP-BC , Steven Bellows MD , Arjun Tarakad MD , Joseph Jankovic MD , Andreas Horn MD, PhD , Ben Shofty MD, PhD , Ashwin Viswanathan MD , and Sameer A. Sheth MD, PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.6.JNS212904
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) is traditionally performed with awake intraoperative testing and/or microelectrode recording.
Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: 5-year follow-up results
G. Rees Cosgrove  MD , Nir Lipsman  MD, PhD , Andres M. Lozano  MD, PhD , Jin Woo Chang  MD, PhD , Casey Halpern  MD , Pejman Ghanouni  MD, PhD , Howard Eisenberg  MD , Paul Fishman  MD, PhD , Takaomi Taira  MD, PhD , Michael L. Schwartz  MD, MSc , Nathan McDannold  PhD , Michael Hayes  MD , Susie Ro  MD , Binit Shah  MD , Ryder Gwinn  MD , Veronica E. Santini  MD, MA , Kullervo Hynynen  PhD , and W. Jeff Elias  MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.6.JNS212483
The objective of this study was to evaluate, at 4 and 5 years posttreatment, the long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for medication-refractory essential tremor in a cohort of patients from a prospective, controlled, multicenter clinical trial.
Predictors of favorable outcome following hypoglossal-to-facial nerve anastomosis for facial nerve palsy: a systematic review and patient-level analysis of a literature-based cohort
William Mualem BS , A. Yohan Alexander BA , Peter Bambakidis , Giorgos D. Michalopoulos MD , Panagiotis Kerezoudis MD , Michael J. Link MD , Maria Peris-Celda MD, PhD , Samir Mardini MD , and Mohamad Bydon MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.6.JNS22240
Facial nerve palsy is a debilitating condition that can arise from iatrogenic, traumatic, or congenital causes. One treatment to improve function of the facial muscles after facial nerve injury is hypoglossal-to-facial nerve anastomosis (HFA).
Complication rate of overlapping versus nonoverlapping functional and stereotactic surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Alexander C. M. Greven MD, MBA , J. Miller Douglas MD, MPH , Anudeep S. Nakirikanti BS , James G. Malcolm MD, PhD , Melissa Campbell NP , Kirk A. Easley MApStat , Nealen G. Laxpati MD, PhD , Jason J. Lamanna MD, PhD , David P. Bray MD , Brian M. Howard MD , Jon T. Willie MD, PhD , Nicholas M. Boulis MD , and Robert E. Gross MD, PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.8.JNS212363
Overlapping surgery, in which one attending surgeon manages two overlapping operating rooms (ORs) and is present for all the critical portions of each procedure, is an important policy that improves healthcare access for patients and case volumes for surgeons and surgical trainees. Despite several studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of overlapping neurosurgical operations, the practice of overlapping surgery remains controversial.
Novel application of the Rotterdam CT score in the prediction of intracranial hypertension following severe traumatic brain injury
Ahmed Ismail Kashkoush MD , Tamia Potter BS , Jordan C. Petitt MS , Song Hu MD , Kyle Hunter MD , and Michael L. Kelly MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.6.JNS212921
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with intracranial hypertension (ICHTN). The Rotterdam CT score (RS) can predict clinical outcomes following TBI, but the relationship between the RS and ICHTN is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and radiological factors that predict ICHTN in patients with severe TBI.
Cranioplasty in the deployed environment: experience for host-country nationals
Paul N. Porensky MD , Patrick R. Maloney MD , Jeeho D. Kim MD , Justin A. Dye MD , and Peter C. Liacouras PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS22524
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is the definitive neurosurgical treatment for managing refractory malignant cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension due to combat-related severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Neurotrauma: a burgeoning, yet understudied disease of rural areas in developing countries
Toyin A. Oyemolade MBBS , Amos O. Adeleye MBBS , Busayo A. Ehinola MD , Ayodele J. Olusola MBBS , Inwonoabasi N. Ekanem MBBS , and Damilola J. Adesola MBBS
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS22996
There is a paucity of data-driven reports on neurotrauma from the rural areas of developing countries, despite a disproportionally higher and burgeoning disease burden from those areas. This study aims to define the burden of neurotrauma in a new rural neurosurgical practice of a developing sub-Saharan country in Africa (Nigeria).
Automated detection and analysis of subdural hematomas using a machine learning algorithm
Marco Colasurdo MD , Nir Leibushor BSc , Ariadna Robledo MD , Viren Vasandani MD , Zean Aaron Luna BSc , Abhijit S. Rao BSA , Roberto Garcia MD , Visish M. Srinivasan MD , Sunil A. Sheth MD , Naama Avni BSc , Moleen Madziva PhD , Mor Berejick BSc , Goni Sirota BSc , Aielet Efrati PhD , Avraham Meisel HSD , Hashem Shaltoni MD , and Peter Kan MD, MPH
doi : 10.3171/2022.8.JNS22888
Machine learning algorithms have shown groundbreaking results in neuroimaging. Herein, the authors evaluate the performance of a newly developed convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect and quantify the thickness, volume, and midline shift (MLS) of subdural hematoma (SDH) from noncontrast head CT (NCHCT).
Editorial. The 156-year journey to gender parity in neurosurgery: are we surprised?
Heidi McAlpine MBBS and Katharine J. Drummond MBBS, MD, FRACS
doi : 10.3171/2022.5.JNS22769
Projected timeline to achieve gender balance within the United States neurosurgical workforce exceeds 150 years: a National Plan and Provider Enumeration System analysis
Kathleen M. Mulligan BA , Tarun K. Jella MPH , Thomas B. Cwalina MBA , Eve C. Tsai MD, PhD , Ann M. Parr MD, PhD , Sarah I. Woodrow MD , James M. Wright III MD , and Christina H. Wright MD, MPH
doi : 10.3171/2022.4.JNS212968
Despite incremental progress in the representation and proportion of women in the field of neurosurgery, female neurosurgeons still represent an overwhelming minority of the current US physician workforce.
Editorial. Neurosurgical capacity-building in Africa: how do we build an equitable future?
Cletus Cheyuo MD, PhD and Mojgan Hodaie MD, MSc, FRCSC
doi : 10.3171/2022.5.JNS22378
Fulfilling the specialist neurosurgical workforce needs in Africa: a systematic review and projection toward 2030
Alvan-Emeka K. Ukachukwu MD, MScGH , Megan E. H. Still MD , Andreas Seas BS , Megan von Isenburg MSLS , Graham Fieggen MD, MSc , Adefolarin O. Malomo MD, MHSc , Matthew T. Shokunbi MBBS, MSc , Joseph R. Egger PhD , Michael M. Haglund MD, PhD, MACM , and Anthony T. Fuller MD, MScGH
doi : 10.3171/2022.2.JNS211984
Africa contributes significantly to the global neurosurgical disease burden but has only 1% of the neurosurgery workforce. This study appraises the neurosurgical workforce and training capacity in Africa and projects the workforce capacity by 2030.
The impact of a night float system on operative experience in neurosurgery residency
Tyler T. Lazaro MD , Kalman A. Katlowitz MD, PhD , Patrick J. Karas MD , Visish M. Srinivasan MD , Ellen Walls MPH , Gina Collier AS , Shaan M. Raza MD , Daniel J. Curry MD , Alexander E. Ropper MD , Alfonso Fuentes MD , Shankar P. Gopinath MD , Ganesh Rao MD , and Akash J. Patel MD
doi : /10.3171/2022.4.JNS212612
Since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) implemented duty-hour restrictions in 2003, many residency programs have adopted a night float system to comply with time constraints.
The Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training–accredited postgraduate neurosurgery fellowship application experience: a national survey
Nathan A. Shlobin  BA , Christopher S. Graffeo  MD, MS , David L. Dornbos III  MD , Debraj Mukherjee  MD, MPH , Walavan Sivakumar  MD , Jeremiah Johnson  MD , and on behalf of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons’ Young Neurosurgeons Committee
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS22544
The neurosurgery fellowship application process is heterogenous. Therefore, the authors conducted a survey of individuals graduating from Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training (CAST)–accredited fellowships in the past 5 years to examine 1) experiences with the fellowship application process, 2) perspectives on the process, 3) reasons for pursuing a given subspecialty and fellowship, and 4) post-fellowship practices.
Trends in utilization of standardized letters of recommendation in the 2021–2022 neurosurgery application process
Michael J. Feldman  MD , Alexander V. Ortiz  MS , Steven G. Roth  MD , Robert J. Dambrino IV  MD , Aaron M. Yengo-Kahn  MD , Rohan V. Chitale  MD , and Lola B. Chambless  MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS221186
Standardized letters of recommendation (SLORs) were introduced during the 2020–2021 neurosurgery residency application cycle, but suffered from poor interrater reliability and grade inflation.
The neurosurgical marriage: evaluating the interplay of work life and home life from the perspective of partners of neurosurgical residents
William J. Ares MD , Brian T. Jankowitz MD , Peter Kan MD , Alejandro M. Spiotta MD , Peter Nakaji MD , Jason D. Wilson MD , Kyle M. Fargen MD , Edwin Ramos MD , Jody Leonardo MD , and Ramesh Grandhi MD
doi : 10.3171/2022.7.JNS221493
Burnout and work-life balance have been noted to be problems for residents across all fields of medicine, including neurosurgery. No studies to date have evaluated how these factors may contribute to issues outside of the hospital, specifically residents’ home lives. This study aimed to evaluate the interplay between home life and work life of neurosurgical residents, specifically from the point of view of residents’ significant others.
Erratum. Association of the FGFR1 mutation with spontaneous hemorrhage in low-grade gliomas in pediatric and young adult patients
Gillian Shasby EMBA
Seven cavernomas and neurosurgical cartography, with an assessment of vascular waypoints
Michael T. Lawton MD , Christopher S. Graffeo MD, MS , Visish M. Srinivasan MD , Benjamin K. Hendricks MD , Joshua S. Catapano MD , Lea Scherschinski MD , Peter M. Lawrence MS, CMI , Kristen Larson Keil MS, CMI , Danielle VanBrabant MSMI, CMI , and Michael D. Hickman BA
doi : 10.3171/2022.8.JNS221706
Neurosurgeons as complete stroke doctors: the time is now
Philipp Taussky MD and William T. Couldwell MD, PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.9.JNS222043
Letter to the Editor. Precision deep brain stimulation
Yilong Zheng and Kai Rui Wan MBBS, FRCS
doi : 10.3171/2022.9.JNS222170
Letter to the Editor. Blood flow analysis for obliteration of AVMs
Ruinan Li MD , Yu Chen MD, PhD , Zhipeng Li MD , Heze Han MD , Pingting Chen PhD , Xiaolin Chen MD, PhD , and Yuanli Zhao MD, PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.9.JNS222158
Letter to the Editor. Cost-effectiveness of ultrafast brain MRI in pediatric patients
Summaiyya H. Ahamed MBBS, MRCS(Ed), MMed and Phua Hwee Tang MBBS, Mmed
Letter to the Editor. Augmented reality–assisted navigation for deep target acquisition: is it reliable?
Ziyu Qi  MD , Shiyu Zhang  MD , Xinghua Xu  MD, PhD , and Xiaolei Chen  MD, PhD
Letter to the Editor. Thalamic sEEG and epilepsy
Romain Carron MD, PhD , Francesca Pizzo MD, PhD , Agnès Trébuchon MD, PhD , and Fabrice Bartolomei MD, PhD
doi : 10.3171/2022.9.JNS222169
