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Anticoagulant Therapy for Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Shuchi Gulati, MD, MS and Mark H. Eckman, MD, MS
doi : 10.7326/M22-1258
January 2023Volume 176, Issue 1
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) offer an alternative to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and warfarin for treating cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT).
Effect of Calorie-Unrestricted Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Versus High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Camilla Dalby Hansen, MD , Eva-Marie Gram-Kampmann, MD , Johanne Kragh Hansen, MD , Mie Balle Hugger, MD , Bjørn Stæhr Madsen, MD, PhD , Jane Møller Jensen, RD , Sara Olesen, MD , Nikolaj Torp, MD , Ditlev Nytoft Rasmussen, MD, PhD , Maria Kjærgaard, MD , Stine Johansen, MBBS , Katrine Prier Lindvig, MD , Peter Andersen, MSc , Katrine Holtz Thorhauge, MD , Jan Christian Brønd, cand.scient, PhD , Pernille Hermann, MD, PhD , Henning Beck-Nielsen, MD, DMSc , Sönke Detlefsen, MD, PhD , Torben Hansen, MD, PhD , Kurt Højlund, MD, DMSc , Maja Sofie Thiele, MD, PhD , Mads Israelsen, MD, PhD , and Aleksander Krag, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-1787
It remains unclear if a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet is a possible treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been investigated.
Long-Term Stability of Coverage Among Michigan Medicaid Beneficiaries
Chima D. Ndumele, PhD , Anthony Lollo, PhD , Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, MS , Mark Schlesinger, PhD , Jacob Wallace, Ph
doi : 10.7326/M22-1313
Medicaid, the primary source of insurance coverage for disadvantaged Americans, was originally designed as a temporary safety-net program. No studies have used long-run data to assess the recent use of the program by beneficiaries.
Effectiveness of an Intervention to Improve Decision Making for Older Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Keren Ladin, PhD, MSc , Hocine Tighiouart, MS , Olivia Bronzi, BA , Susan Koch-Weser, ScD , John B. Wong, MD , Sarah Levine, BA , Arushi Agarwal, BA , Lucy Ren, BA , Jack Degnan, MPH , Lexi N. Sewall, BS , Brianna Kuramitsu, MSW , Patrick Fox, BS , Elisa J. Gordon, PhD, MPH , Tamara Isakova, MD, MMSc , Dena Rifkin, MD, MS , Ana Rossi, MD , and Daniel E. Weiner, MD, MS
doi : 10.7326/M22-1543
Older patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) face difficult decisions about managing kidney failure, frequently experiencing decisional conflict, regret, and treatment misaligned with preferences.
Left Atrial Mechanical Dysfunction and the Risk for Ischemic Stroke in People Without Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation or Stroke
Ankit Maheshwari, MD, MS* ,  Faye L. Norby, PhD, MPH* ,  Riccardo M. Inciardi, MD ,  Wendy Wang, MPH ,  Michael J. Zhang, MD, PhD ,  Elsayed Z. Soliman, MD, MSc, MS ,  Alvaro Alonso, MD, PhD ,  Michelle C. Johansen, MD, PhD ,  Rebecca F. Gottesman, MD, PhD ,  Scott D. Solomon, MD ,  Amil M. Shah, MD ,  and Lin Yee Chen, MD, MS
doi : 10.7326/M22-1638
Atrial myopathy�characterized by changes in left atrial function and size�may precede and promote atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac thromboembolism. In people without prior AF or stroke, whether analysis of left atrial function and size can improve ischemic stroke prediction is unknown.
Comparative Effectiveness of Team-Based Care With and Without a Clinical Decision Support System for Diabetes Management
Xiulin Shi, MD, PhD* , Jiang He, MD, PhD* , Mingzhu Lin, MD , Changqin Liu, MD, PhD , Bing Yan, MD , Haiqu Song, MD , Caihong Wang, MD , Fangsen Xiao, MD, PhD , Peiying Huang, MD , Liying Wang, MD , Zhibin Li, PhD , Yinxiang Huang, MD , Mulin Zhang, MD , Chung-Shiuan Chen, MS , Katherine Obst, MS , Lizheng Shi, PhD , Weihua Li, MD, PhD , Shuyu Yang, MD, PhD , Guanhua Yao, MD, PhD , and Xuejun Li, MD, PhD*
doi : 10.7326/M22-1950
Uncontrolled hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension are common in persons with diabetes.
Effects of Dapagliflozin on Hospitalizations in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Meir Schechter, MD ,  Niels Jongs, PhD ,  Glenn M. Chertow, MD ,  Ofri Mosenzon, MD ,  John J.V. McMurray, MD ,  Ricardo Correa-Rotter, MD ,  Peter Rossing, MD ,  Anna Maria Langkilde, MD ,  C. David Sjöström, MD ,  Robert D. Toto, MD ,  David C. Wheeler, MD ,  and Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-2115
Acute hospitalizations are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and often lead to decreases in health-related quality of life and increased care costs.
Monkeypox in Montréal: Epidemiology, Phylogenomics, and Public Health Response to a Large North American Outbreak
Luke B. Harrison, MD, PhD* , Geneviève Bergeron, MD, MPH , Geneviève Cadieux, MD, PhD , Hugues Charest, PhD , Judith Fafard, MD , Inès Levade, PhD , Antoine Cloutier Blais, MD , Emmanuelle Huchet, MD , Benoît Trottier, MD , Dragos Vlad, MD , Jason Szabo, MD , Réjean Thomas, MD , Sébastien Poulin, MD , Christina Greenaway, MD, MSc , Gerasimos J. Zaharatos, MD , Matthew Oughton, MD , Arpita Chakravarti, MD, PhD , Robert Pilarski, MD , Andrew Bui-Nguyen, MD , Khadija Benomar, MD , Michael D. Libman, MD , Donald C. Vinh, MD , Ana T. Duggan, PhD , Morag Graham, PhD , Marina B. Klein, MD, MSc* , and Sapha Barkati, MD, MSc, DTM&H*
doi : 10.7326/M22-2699
Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, is causing a global outbreak outside of endemic areas.
Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System
Scott Dryden-Peterson, MD, MSc , Andy Kim, BS , Arthur Y. Kim, MD , Ellen C. Caniglia, ScD , Inga T. Lennes, MD, MPH, MBA , Rajesh Patel, MD, MPH , Lindsay Gainer, RN , Lisa Dutton, RN , Elizabeth Donahue, RN, MSN, NP-C , Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD , Lindsey R. Baden, MD , and Ann E. Woolley, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-2141
In the EPIC-HR (Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for Covid-19 in High-Risk Patients) trial, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir led to an 89% reduction in hospitalization or death among unvaccinated outpatients with early COVID-19. The clinical impact of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir among vaccinated populations is uncertain.
Major Update 2: Antibody Response and Risk for Reinfection After SARS-CoV-2 Infection�Final Update of a Living, Rapid Review
Haley K. Holmer, PhD, MPH ,  Katherine Mackey, MD, MPP ,  Celia V. Fiordalisi, MS ,  and Mark Helfand, MD, MS
doi : 10.7326/M22-1745
The durability of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the role of antibodies in protection against reinfection are unclear.
Outpatient Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19: A Living, Rapid Review for the American College of Physicians
Isolde Sommer, MSc, MPH, PhD , Andreea Dobrescu, MD, PhD , Dominic Ledinger, MSc, MPH , Isabel Moser, MD , Kylie Thaler, MD, MPH , Emma Persad, MD , Martin Fangmeyer, MScN , Robert Emprechtinger, MSc , Irma Klerings , and Gerald Gartlehner, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-2202
Clinicians and patients want to know the benefits and harms of outpatient treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Assessing Performance and Clinical Usefulness in Prediction Models With Survival Outcomes: Practical Guidance for Cox Proportional Hazards Models
David J. McLernon, PhD , Daniele Giardiello, MSc , Ben Van Calster, PhD , Laure Wynants, PhD , Nan van Geloven, PhD , Maarten van Smeden, PhD , Terry Therneau, PhD , and Ewout W. Steyerberg, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-0844
Risk prediction models need thorough validation to assess their performance. Validation of models for survival outcomes poses challenges due to the censoring of observations and the varying time horizon at which predictions can be made.
Outpatient Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19: Living, Rapid Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1)
Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA , Jennifer Yost, PhD, RN , Matthew C. Miller, MD , Rebecca Andrews, MD, MS , Janet A. Jokela, MD, MPH , Mary Ann Forciea, MD , George M. Abraham, MD, MPH , and Linda L. Humphrey, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-2249
Strategies to manage COVID-19 in the outpatient setting continue to evolve as new data emerge on SARS-CoV-2 variants and the availability of newer treatments.
Apixaban at Apex? Aligning Drug Pricing With Value in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Satoko Ito, MD, PhD , George Goshua, MD, MSc
doi : 10.7326/M22-3404
Shared Decision Making for Older Adults: Time to Move Beyond Dialysis as a Default
Fahad Saeed, MD , Jane O. Schell, MD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3431
Atrial Cardiopathy and Cardioembolic Stroke
Darae Ko, MD, MSc and Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM
doi : 10.7326/M22-3476
Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Ambulatory COVID-19: Expanding Evidence, Expanding Role
George L. Anesi, MD, MSCE, MBE , Christina Maguire, PharmD, BCIDP
doi : 10.7326/M22-3427
Ongoing Need for Clinical Trials and Contemporary End Points for Outpatient COVID-19
Todd C. Lee, MD, MPH  and David R. Boulware, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-3317
Shifting Mortality Dynamics in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic as Measured by Years of Life Lost
Mark É. Czeisler, PhD , Charles A. Czeisler, PhD, MD
doi : 10.7326/M22-2226
Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery
Joel Yarmush, MD , Mohamed Ehab Ramadan, MBBCh, MSc, PhD
doi : 10.7326/L22-0365
Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery
Yu Toda, MD, PhD , Hiroto Ishiki, MD , Taku Machida, MD , Naruaki Kawasaki, MD , Eisuke Kobayashi, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/L22-0366
Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery
Mark D. Neuman, MD, MSc , Susan S. Ellenberg, PhD , Jeffrey L. Carson, MD , Frederick E. Sieber, MD
doi : 10.7326/L22-0367
Association of Sugar-Sweetened, Artificially Sweetened, and Unsweetened Coffee Consumption With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
Kouji H. Harada, PhD, MPH and Mariko Harada Sassa, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/L22-0368
Association of Sugar-Sweetened, Artificially Sweetened, and Unsweetened Coffee Consumption With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
Dan Liu, MD , Qingmei Huang, MD , Weiqi Song, MD , Zhihao Li, MD , Chen Mao, MD
doi : 10.7326/L22-0369
Correction: Oral ENT-01 Targets Enteric Neurons to Treat Constipation in Parkinson Disease
doi : 10.7326/L22-0464
Correction: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety Between Apixaban, Dabigatran, Edoxaban, and Rivaroxaban Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
doi : 10.7326/L22-0482
Migraine
Niushen Zhang, MD , Matthew S. Robbins, MD
doi : 10.7326/AITC202301170
Migraine affects about 1 billion people worldwide, and up to 15% of adults in the United States have migraine attacks in any given year. Migraine is associated with substantial adverse socioeconomic and personal effects.
In rheumatic heart disease–associated AF, rivaroxaban increased adverse vascular outcomes vs. VKA at 3 y
Ellis W. Lader, MD
doi : 10.7326/J22-0102
Randomized controlled noninferiority trial (part of the INVICTUS [Investigation of Rheumatic AF Treatment Using Vitamin K Antagonists, Rivaroxaban or Aspirin Studies] research program). The trial was stopped early when the study question had been satisfactorily answered.
In older adults with recent MI, polypill vs. usual care reduced major adverse CV events at 3 y
Manoj Kesarwani, MD
doi : 10.7326/J22-0110
Randomized controlled trial (SECURE [Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly] trial).
Statins increase muscle pain or weakness at 1 y, with an absolute excess of 11 events/1000 person-y
Chirag Bavishi, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/J22-0101
Individual-patient meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared statin therapy with placebo or more- with less-intensive statin therapy, enrolled ≥1000 participants, and had scheduled treatment duration ≥2 years.
In glucocorticoid-dependent polymyalgia rheumatica, tocilizumab improved a composite clinical outcome at 24 wk
David S. Pisetsky, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/J22-0107
Randomized placebo-controlled trial (SEMAPHORE [Safety and Efficacy of Tocilizumab vs Placebo in Polymyalgia Rheumatica with Glucocorticoid Dependence]).
In tobacco smokers with respiratory symptoms, a dual bronchodilator did not reduce symptoms at 12 wk
Claudia C. Dobler, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/J22-0103
Randomized placebo-controlled trial (RETHINC [Redefining Therapy in Early COPD] trial).
In cancer with dyspnea, high-dose dexamethasone did not improve dyspnea and increased SAEs
Michael Certo, MD, MA, MM , Robert Arnold, MD
doi : 10.7326/J22-0106
Randomized placebo-controlled trial (ABCD [Alleviating Breathlessness in Cancer Patients with Dexamethasone] trial). The trial was stopped early for futility.
In type 2 diabetes, glargine and liraglutide each improved glycemic outcomes at 5 y vs. glimepiride or sitagliptin
Krysta Brown, DO , Anthony A. Donato, MD, MHPE
doi : 10.7326/J22-0104
Randomized controlled trial (GRADE [Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study]).
In type 2 diabetes, liraglutide reduced CV events at 5 y vs. glargine, glimepiride, or sitagliptin
Krysta Brown, DO , Anthony A. Donato, MD, MHPE
doi : 10.7326/J22-0105
Treatment allocation concealed; blinded (event adjudication committee and laboratory staff).*
In type 2 diabetes, the BT-001 smartphone app reduced HbA1c more than a control app at 90 d
Lawrence H. Greenblatt, MD
doi : 10.7326/J22-0109
Randomized controlled trial (RCT).
In T1DM, open-source automated insulin delivery increased glucose time in target vs. sensor-augmented pumps
Michael Lockhart, MD , Sean F. Dinneen, MD
doi : 10.7326/J22-0108
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) (CREATE [Community Derived Automated Insulin Delivery]).
Annals Graphic Medicine - I Just … Don't Have the Time
Prathyusha Dasari, MS
doi : 10.7326/G22-0021
Summary for Patients: Effect of Calorie-Unrestricted Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Versus High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
doi : 10.7326/P22-0022
Summary for Patients: Effects of Dapagliflozin on Hospitalizations in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
doi : 10.7326/P22-0020
Summary for Patients: Outpatient Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19: Living, Rapid Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1)
doi : 10.7326/P22-0023
