Neurology

In patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), coma is associated with impaired subcortical arousal mechanisms. However, it is unknown which nuclei involved in arousal (arousal nuclei) are implicated in coma pathogenesis and are compatible with coma recovery.

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Prevalence of Disability Associated With Head Injury With Loss of Consciousness in Adults in the United StatesA Population-Based Study

Andrea L.C. Schneider, Dan Wang, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Elizabeth Selvin

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012148

vol. 97 no. 2 e124-e135

To provide nationally representative prevalence estimates of disability associated with prior head injury with loss of consciousness in the United States and to examine associations between prior head injury and disability.

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Natural History of Afferent Baroreflex Failure in Adults

Guillaume Lamotte, Elizabeth A. Coon, Mariana D. Suarez, Paola Sandroni, Eduardo E. Benarroch, Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, Michelle L. Mauermann, Sarah E. Berini, Kamal Shouman, David Sletten, Brent P. Goodman, Phillip A. Low, Wolfgang Singer

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012149

vol. 97 no. 2 e136-e144

To describe the natural history of afferent baroreflex failure (ABF) based on systematic review of clinical and laboratory data in patients with a diagnosis of ABF at Mayo Clinic Rochester.

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Familial Autonomic Ganglionopathy Caused by Rare CHRNA3 Genetic Variants

Cyndya A. Shibao, Karen Joos, John A. Phillips, Joy Cogan, John H. Newman, Rizwan Hamid, Jens Meiler, John Capra, Jonathan Sheehan, Francesco Vetrini, Yaping Yang, Bonnie Black, André Diedrich, David Roberston, Italo Biaggioni

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012143

vol. 97 no. 2 e145-e155

To determine the molecular basis of a new monogenetic recessive disorder that results in familial autonomic ganglionopathy with diffuse autonomic failure.

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Large Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in HIV Sensory Neuropathy

Ricardo H. Roda, David Bargiela, Weiran Chen, Ken Perry, Ronald J. Ellis, David B. Clifford, Ajay Bharti, Asha R. Kallianpur, Michelli F. Oliveira, Monica M. Diaz, Leah H. Rubin, Christina Gavegnano, Justin C. McArthur, Ahmet Hoke, Michael Polydefkis

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012142

vol. 97 no. 2 e156-e165

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of large mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in skin samples of people with HIV (PWH) with measures of neuropathy and prior exposure to therapy. We hypothesized that deletions would be associated with neuropathy. As secondary objectives, we determined the correlation of deletion burden with demographic data and neuropathy measures.

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Heritability of Magnetoencephalography Phenotypes Among Patients With Genetic Generalized Epilepsy and Their Siblings

Christina Stier, Adham Elshahabi, Yiwen Li Hegner, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Justus Marquetand, Christoph Braun, Holger Lerche, Niels K. Focke

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012144

vol. 97 no. 2 e166-e177

To assess whether neuronal signals in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) are heritable, we examined magnetoencephalography resting-state recordings in patients and their healthy siblings.

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One-Stage, Limited-Resection Epilepsy Surgery for Bottom-of-Sulcus Dysplasia

Emma Macdonald-Laurs, Wirginia J. Maixner, Catherine A. Bailey, Sarah M. Barton, Simone A. Mandelstam, Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang, Aaron E.L. Warren, Michael J. Kean, Peter Francis, Duncan MacGregor, Colleen D'Arcy, Jacquie A. Wrennall, Andrew Davidson, Kate Pope, Richard J. Leventer, Jeremy L. Freeman, Alison Wray, Graeme D. Jackson, A. Simon Harvey

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012147

vol. 97 no. 2 e178-e190

To determine whether 1-stage, limited corticectomy controls seizures in patients with MRI-positive, bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD).

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Autoimmune Encephalitis Related to Cancer Treatment With Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsA Systematic Review

Vardan Nersesjan, Oskar McWilliam, Lars-Henrik Krarup, Daniel Kondziella

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012122

vol. 97 no. 2 e191-e202

To determine the clinical and laboratory features of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI)–associated autoimmune encephalitis (ICPI-AIE), an increasingly recognized adverse event with ICPI treatment.

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Effect of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure After Stroke on Circulatory Biomarkers

Wenjun Deng, David McMullin, Ignacio Inglessis-Azuaje, Joseph J. Locascio, Igor F. Palacios, Ferdinando S. Buonanno, Eng H. Lo, MingMing Ning

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012188

vol. 97 no. 2 e203-e214

To determine the influence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure on circulatory biomarkers.

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APOSTEL 2.0 Recommendations for Reporting Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Studies

Aykut Aytulun, Andrés Cruz-Herranz, Orhan Aktas, Laura J. Balcer, Lisanne Balk, Piero Barboni, Augusto Azuara Blanco, Peter A. Calabresi, Fiona Costello, Bernardo Sanchez-Dalmau, Delia Cabrera DeBuc, Nicolas Feltgen, Robert P. Finger, Jette Lautrup Frederiksen, Elliot Frohman, Teresa Frohman, David Garway-Heath, I?igo Gabilondo, Jennifer S. Graves, Ari J. Green, Hans-Peter Hartung, Joachim Havla, Frank G. Holz, Jaime Imitola, Rachel Kenney, Alexander Klistorner, Benjamin Knier, Thomas Korn, Scott Kolbe, Julia Kr?mer, Wolf A. Lagrèze, Letizia Leocani, Oliver Maier, Elena H. Mart?nez-Lapiscina, Sven Meuth, Olivier Outteryck, Friedemann Paul, Axel Petzold, Gorm Pihl-Jensen, Jana Lizrova Preiningerova, Gema Rebolleda, Marius Ringelstein, Shiv Saidha, Sven Schippling, Joel S. Schuman, Robert C. Sergott, Ahmed Toosy, Pablo Villoslada, Sebastian Wolf, E. Ann Yeh, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man, Hanna G. Zimmermann, Alexander U. Brandt, Philipp Albrecht

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012125

vol. 97 no. 2 68-79

To update the consensus recommendations for reporting of quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) study results, thus revising the previously published Advised Protocol for OCT Study Terminology and Elements (APOSTEL) recommendations.

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Ethical Considerations in Dementia Diagnosis and CareAAN Position Statement

Winston Chiong, Amy Y. Tsou, Zachary Simmons, Richard J. Bonnie, James A. Russell, on behalf of the Ethics, Law, and Humanities Committee (a joint committee of the American Academy of Neurology, American Neurological Association, and Child Neurology Society)

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012079

vol. 97 no. 2 80-89

Alzheimer disease and other dementias present unique practical challenges for patients, their families, clinicians, and health systems. These challenges reflect not only the growing public health effect of dementia in an aging global population, but also more specific ethical complexities including early loss of patients' capacity to make decisions regarding their own care, the stigma often associated with a dementia diagnosis, the difficulty of balancing concern for patients' welfare with respect for patients' remaining independence, and the effect on the physical, emotional, and financial well-being of family caregivers. Caring for patients with dementia requires respecting patient autonomy while acknowledging progressively diminishing decisional capacity and continuing to provide care in accordance with other core ethical principles (beneficence, justice, and nonmaleficence). Whereas these ethical principles remain unchanged, neurologists must reconsider how to apply them given changes across multiple domains including our understanding of disease, clinical and legal tools for addressing manifestations of illness, our expanding awareness of the crucial role of family caregivers in providing care and maintaining patient quality of life, and societal conceptions of dementia and individuals' personal expectations for aging. This revision to the American Academy of Neurology's 1996 position statement summarizes ethical considerations that often arise in caring for patients with dementia; although it addresses how such considerations influence patient management, it is not a clinical practice guideline.

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GCA Squared

Michael Rasminsky

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011924

vol. 97 no. 2 90-91

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Stereotyped Upper Limb Movement in MECP2 Duplication Syndrome

Tomohiro Wakabayashi, Shinobu Fukumura, Satoru Takahashi, Kenji Kurosawa, Shuichi Miyamoto, Kosuke Tsuchida, Shinsuke Kato, Takeshi Tsugawa, Yoshiyuki Sakai, Yukihiko Kawasaki

doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012130

vol. 97 no. 2 92-94

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