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In the Literature
Stan Deresinski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac799
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages i–ii
Adherence Measured Using Electronic Dose Monitoring is Associated with Emergent Antiretroviral Resistance and Poor Outcomes in People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS and Multidrug-Resistant TuberculosisÂ
Mark Bateman, Allison Wolf, Benjamin Chimukangara, James C M Brust, Richard Lessells, Rivet Amico, Resha Boodhram, Nalini Singh, Catherine Orrell, Gerald Friedland, Kogieleum Naidoo, Nesri Padayatchi, Max R O’Donnell
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac232
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1489–1496
Medication adherence is known to challenge treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We hypothesized that adherence using electronic dose monitoring (EDM) would identify an antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence threshold for emergent ART resistance and predict treatment outcomes in patients with MDR-TB and HIV on ART and bedaquiline-containing TB regimens.
Low Prior Exposure and Incidence of Hepatitis C in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Negative Gay and Bisexual Men Taking Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Findings From the Expanded PrEP Implementation in Communities–New South Wales Prospective Implementation StudyÂ
Janaki Amin, Stefanie Vaccher, David J Templeton, Benjamin Bavinton, Fengyi Jin, Iryna Zablotska, Gail Matthews, Erin Ogilvie, Barbara Yeung, Catriona Ooi, Nila Dharan, David A Baker, Phillip Read, Rebecca Guy, Andrew E Grulich
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac231
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1497–1502
The use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has raised concerns of increased sexual risk behaviors. These behaviors may be associated with increased incidence of sexually acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) among gay and bisexual men.
Comparison of Mold Active Triazoles as Primary Antifungal Prophylaxis in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Molecularly Targeted TherapiesÂ
Caitlin R Rausch, Adam J DiPippo, Ying Jiang, Courtney D DiNardo, Tapan Kadia, Abhishek Maiti, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Farhad Ravandi, Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac230
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1503–1510
Multiple factors influence the choice of primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing remission induction chemotherapy (RIC) given the recent incorporation of targeted leukemia therapies into these regimens.
Acute Kidney Injury Interacts With Coma, Acidosis, and Impaired Perfusion to Significantly Increase Risk of Death in Children With Severe MalariaÂ
Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Dibyadyuti Datta, Paul Bangirana, Anthony Batte, Zachary Berrens, Michael J Goings, Andrew L Schwaderer, Andrea L Conroy, Chandy C John
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac229
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1511–1519
Mortality in severe malaria remains high in children treated with intravenous artesunate. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of severe malaria, but the interactions between AKI and other complications on the risk of mortality in severe malaria are not well characterized.
High Intrapulmonary Rifampicin and Isoniazid Concentrations Are Associated With Rapid Sputum Bacillary Clearance in Patients With Pulmonary TuberculosisÂ
Andrew D McCallum, Henry E Pertinez, Aaron P Chirambo, Irene Sheha, Madalitso Chasweka, Rose Malamba, Doris Shani, Alex Chitani, Jane E Mallewa, Jamilah Z Meghji, Jehan F Ghany, Elizabeth L Corbett, Stephen B Gordon, Geraint R Davies, Saye H Khoo, Derek J Sloan, Henry C Mwandumba
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac228
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1520–1528
Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics may better explain response to tuberculosis (TB) treatment than plasma pharmacokinetics. We explored these relationships by modeling bacillary clearance in sputum in adult patients on first-line treatment in Malawi.
Hepatitis B Virus-related Care Quality in Patients With Hepatitis B/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection Versus Hepatitis B Monoinfection: A National Cohort StudyÂ
Tzu-Hao Lee, Christine M Hunt, Marissa M Maier, Elliott Lowy, Lauren A Beste
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac227
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1529–1536,
Guideline-adherent hepatitis B virus (HBV) care is critical for patients with HBV, particularly patients with HBV-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) given increased risks of liver-related complications. However, a comprehensive assessment of HBV-related care in patients with HBV-HIV is lacking.
Cumulative Antibiotic Exposure in the First 5 Years of Life: Estimates for 45 Low- and Middle-Income Countries From Demographic and Health Survey DataÂ
Gillian A Levine, Julia Bielicki, Günther Fink
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac225
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1537–1547
Estimates of the total cumulative exposure to antibiotics of children in low-resource settings, and the source of these treatments, are limited.
Hospitalizations Associated With Strongyloidiasis in the United States, 2003–2018Â
Kengo Inagaki, Richard S Bradbury, Charlotte V Hobbs
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac220
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1548–1555,
Strongyloides stercoralis is considered to be historically endemic in Appalachia and the American South, but recent surveillance data, especially data evaluating strongyloidiasis associated with hospitalization, are lacking in most parts of the United States.
Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacterales: A Cross-sectional and Prospective StudyÂ
Laure Surgers, Thibault Chiarabini, Guilhem Royer, Hayette Rougier, Mélanie Mercier-Darty, Dominique Decré, Nadia Valin, Paul-Louis Woerther, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Pierre-Marie Girard, Karine Lacombe, Anders Boyd
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac218
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1556–1564
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) represent a major threat to public health. Little is known on their potential for sexual transmission.
Automated Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 Dual-Stain Cytology as a Biomarker for Detection of Anal Precancer in Men Who Have Sex With Men and Are Living With Human Immunodeficiency VirusÂ
Camryn M Cohen, Nicolas Wentzensen, Bernd Lahrmann, Diane Tokugawa, Nancy Poitras, Liam Bartels, Alexandra Krauthoff, Andreas Keil, Felipe Miranda, Philip E Castle, Thomas Lorey, Brad Hare, Teresa M Darragh, Niels Grabe, Megan A Clarke
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac211
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1565–1572
Human papillomavirus–related biomarkers such as p16/Ki-67 “dual-stain� (DS) cytology have shown promising clinical performance for anal cancer screening. Here, we assessed the performance of automated evaluation of DS cytology (automated DS) to detect anal precancer in men who have sex with men (MSM) and are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Incidence and Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Within a Healthcare Worker Cohort During the First Year of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 PandemicÂ
Sarah B Doernberg, Marisa Holubar, Vivek Jain, Yingjie Weng, Di Lu, Jenna B Bollyky, Hannah Sample, Beatrice Huang, Charles S Craik, Manisha Desai, George W Rutherford, Yvonne Maldonado, CHART Study Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac210
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1573–1584
Preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2_ infections in healthcare workers (HCWs) is critical for healthcare delivery. We aimed to estimate and characterize the prevalence and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a US HCW cohort and to identify risk factors associated with infection.
Asymptomatic Malaria Infection and the Immune Response to the 2-Dose Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola Vaccine Regimen in Adults and ChildrenÂ
D Ishola, The EBOVAC-Salone Malaria Infection (MALI) Sub-Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac209
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1585–1593
Malaria infection affects the immune response to some vaccines. As Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks have occurred mainly in malaria-endemic countries, we have assessed whether asymptomatic malaria affects immune responses to the 2-dose Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen.
Randomized Clinical Trial of High-Dose Rifampicin With or Without Levofloxacin Versus Standard of Care for Pediatric Tuberculous Meningitis: The TBM-KIDS TrialÂ
Mandar S Paradkar, Bella Devaleenal D, Tisungane Mvalo, Ana Arenivas, Kiran T Thakur, Lisa Wolf, Smita Nimkar, Sadaf Inamdar, Prathiksha Giridharan, Elilarasi Selladurai, Aarti Kinikar, Chhaya Valvi, Saltanat Khwaja, Daphne Gadama, Sarath Balaji, Krishna Yadav Kattagoni, Mythily Venkatesan, Radojka Savic, Soumya Swaminathan, Amita Gupta, Nikhil Gupte, Vidya Mave, Kelly E Dooley, TuBerculous Meningitis in Kids (TBM-KIDS) Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac208
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1594–1601,
Pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) commonly causes death or disability. In adults, high-dose rifampicin may reduce mortality. The role of fluoroquinolones remains unclear. There have been no antimicrobial treatment trials for pediatric TBM.
Cost-effectiveness of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for First Recurrent Clostridioides difficile InfectionÂ
Elizabeth S Aby, Byron P Vaughn, Eva A Enns, Radha Rajasingham
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac207
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1602–1609
Both the American College of Gastroenterology and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2021 Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines recommend fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for persons with multiple recurrent CDI. Emerging data suggest that FMT may have high cure rates when used for first recurrent CDI. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of FMT for first recurrent CDI.
Cluster of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections Associated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Water Heater DevicesÂ
Chanu Rhee, Meghan A Baker, Robert Tucker, Vineeta Vaidya, Meghan Holtzman, Raghu R Seethala, Maria Bentain-Melanson, Jesslyn Lenox, Adam R Smith, Jon C Boyer, Alison Gassett, Manfred Brigl, Mohamad Sater, Miriam Huntley, Ann E Woolley, Hilary J Goldberg, Karen Reilly, Andrew Resnick, Madelyn Pearson, Michael Klompas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac200
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1610–1617
Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of potential nosocomial pathogens often linked to contaminated water. We report on a cluster of 8 B. cepacia complex infections in cardiothoracic intensive care unit patients, which were attributed to contaminated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) water heaters.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Delta Vaccine Breakthrough Transmissibility in Alachua County, Florida
Brittany Rife Magalis, Shannan Rich, Massimiliano S Tagliamonte, Carla Mavian, Melanie N Cash, Alberto Riva, Simone Marini, David Moraga Amador, Yanping Zhang, Jerne Shapiro, Amelia Horine, Petr Starostik, Maura Pieretti, Samantha Vega, Ana Paula Lacombe, Jessica Salinas, Mario Stevenson, Paul Myers, J Glenn Morris, Jr., Michael Lauzardo, Mattia Prosperi, Marco Salemi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac197
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1618–1627
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant has caused a dramatic resurgence in infections in the United Sates, raising questions regarding potential transmissibility among vaccinated individuals.
Recurrent Subclinical Tuberculosis Among Antiretroviral Therapy–Accessing Participants: Incidence, Clinical Course, and OutcomesÂ
Kogieleum Naidoo, Mikaila C Moodley, Razia Hassan-Moosa, Navisha Dookie, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Rubeshan Perumal, Halima Dawood, Nomonde R Mvelase, Barun Mathema, Salim Abdool Karim
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac185
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1628–1636
Undiagnosed asymptomatic subclinical tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant threat to global TB control, accounting for a substantial proportion of cases among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS (PLWHA). We determined incidence, progression, and outcomes of subclinical TB in antiretroviral therapy (ART)–accessing PLWHA with known previous TB in South Africa.
Treatment of Cutaneous Balamuthia mandrillaris Infection With Diminazene Aceturate: A Report of 4 CasesÂ
Lei Wang, Bing Li, Tao Zhao, Lu Wang, Zhe Jian, Wenjing Cheng, Jiaxi Chen, Chunying Li, Gang Wang, Tianwen Gao
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac356
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1637–1640
Four cases of cutaneous Balamuthia mandrillaris infection were treated with diminazene aceturate. One patient was cured with mainly monotherapy, 2 patients were cured with diminazene aceturate and excision, and 1 patient died of drug-induced liver damage. This is the first report of B. mandrillaris infection treated with diminazene aceturate.
Emergence of Dalbavancin, Vancomycin, and Daptomycin Nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus in a Patient Treated With Dalbavancin: Case Report and Isolate CharacterizationÂ
Rutan Zhang, Hari Polenakovik, Ismael A Barreras Beltran, Adam Waalkes, Stephen J Salipante, Libin Xu, Brian J Werth
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac341
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1641–1644
A patient with end-stage renal disease received 2 doses of dalbavancin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) arteriovenous fistula infection and presented 5 weeks later with infective endocarditis secondary to vancomycin, daptomycin, and dalbavancin nonsusceptible MRSA. Resistance was associated with walK and scrA mutations, reduced long-chain lipid content, and reduced membrane fluidity.
Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron and Other Variants in Serum From Children With Vaccination-Induced Myocarditis
Fatema Tuz Zahra, Gabrielle Grubbs, Kirsten Dummer, Adriana H Tremoulet, Chisato Shimizu, Jane C Burns, Surender Khurana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac323
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1645–1648
Our study demonstrates that children who developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination-induced myocarditis and may not receive another vaccination, could be susceptible to infection with Omicron and emerging variants. We observed higher neutralizing antibody titers in myocarditis patients vs. healthy vaccinated children, but significantly lower neutralization titers against Omicron in both groups.
Temporal Dynamics of Nasopharyngeal and Tracheal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cycle Thresholds in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients With TracheostomyÂ
Sallie M Long, Alexander Chern, Victoria Cooley, Sei Chung, Noah Z. Feit, Arryn Craney, Matthew S Simon, Andrew B Tassler
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac316
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1649–1651
In this study of 45 patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheostomy, nasopharyngeal and tracheal cycle threshold (Ct) values were analyzed. Ct values rose to 37.9 by the time of tracheostomy and remained >35 postoperatively, demonstrating that persistent test positivity may not be associated with persistent transmissible virus in this population.
Discordant Antibody and T-Cell Responses to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccine RecipientsÂ
Bezawit A Woldemeskel, Caroline C Garliss, Tihitina Y Aytenfisu, Trevor S Johnston, Andrea L Cox, Andrew H Karaba, Joel N Blankson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac305
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1652–1654,
We compared antibody and T-cell responses against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine strain spike protein to responses against the Omicron variant in 15 messenger RNA vaccine recipients. While these individuals had significantly lower levels of antibodies that inhibited Omicron spike protein binding to ACE2, there was no difference in T-cell responses.
Resistance-Guided Therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeaeÂ
Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz, Paul C Adamson, Jeffrey D Klausner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac371
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1655–1660
Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are a threat to public health. Novel strategies for combating such resistance include the development of molecular assays to facilitate real-time prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility. Resistance to ciprofloxacin is determined by the presence of a single mutation at codon 91 of the gyrase A gene; molecular assays to guide therapy are commercially available
Houston, We Have a Problem: Reports of Clostridioides difficile Isolates With Reduced Vancomycin SusceptibilityÂ
David Henry Greentree, Louis B Rice, Curtis J Donskey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac444
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1661–1664
During the past 4 decades, oral vancomycin has been a mainstay of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) therapy with no reports of treatment failure due to emergence of vancomycin resistance. However, C. difficile isolates with high-level phenotypic resistance to vancomycin have recently been reported in 3 distinct geographic regions.
Skin Lesions in a ToddlerÂ
Morven S Edwards, Javier Chinen, Ankhi Dutta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab948
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1665–1667
Persistent Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Resetting the Clock for Optimal ManagementÂ
Thomas L Holland, Arnold S Bayer, Vance G Fowler, Jr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac364
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1668–1674,
A positive follow-up blood culture for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while on seemingly appropriate therapy is a common and ominous development.
Mind the OPAT Gap: Providing Home Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for Veterans Hospitalized at Community HospitalsÂ
Donald F Storey, Jessica M Guastadisegni, Marcus A Kouma, Reuben J Arasaratnam
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac513
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1675–1676
Response to “Inhaled Zanamivir versus Oral Oseltamivir to Prevent Influenza-related Hospitalization or Death: A Nationwide Population-based Quasi-experimental Studyâ€�Â
Renin Chang, Hui-Yuan Chen, Yao-Min Hung, Cheuk-Kwan Sun
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac462
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1676–1677
Reply to Chang et alÂ
Chia-ping Su, K Arnold Chan, Ching-Tai Huang, Chi-Tai Fang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac464
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Page 1677
Are Vancomycin Non-Susceptible Clostridioides difficile Strains Emerging?Â
Joseph D Lutgring, Susannah L McKay, Amy S Gargis, Alison L Halpin, L Clifford McDonald
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac375
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1677–1678
Reply to Lutgring et alÂ
Charles Darkoh, Herbert L DuPont, Cesar A. Arias, Micah Oyaro, Eric L Brown, Blake M Hanson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac376
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 9, 1 November 2022, Pages 1678–1679
