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Sex-Associated Gene Expression Alterations Correlate With Esophageal Cancer Survival
Weygant, Nathaniel PhD1; Chang, Karen DO2; Jackson, Christian S. MD3; Vega, Kenneth J. MD4
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000281
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00281
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a significant cause of cancer death with 5-year survival of 10%–15% and males more frequently affected. Genetic evaluation for loci highlighting risk has been performed, but survival data are limited. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets allow for potential prognostic marker assessment in large patient cohorts. The study aimed to use the TCGA EC data set to assess whether survival varies by sex and explore genetic alterations that may explain variation observed.
LGR5 in Barrett's Esophagus and its Utility in Predicting Patients at Increased Risk of Advanced Neoplasia
Neyaz, Azfar MD1,2; Odze, Robert D. MD, FRCPc3; Rickelt, Steffen PhD4; Nieman, Linda T. PhD2; Bledsoe, Jacob R. MD5; Mahadevan, Krishnan K. MD6; Arora, Kshitij MD1,2; Jeck, William R. MD, PhD7; Taylor, Martin S. MD, PhD1; Gala, Manish MD8; Patil, Deepa T. MD3; Yilmaz, Omer H. MD, PhD1; Rivera, Miguel N. MD1,2,9; Ting, David T. MD2,7,10; Deshpande, Vikram MD1,9
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000272
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00272
The expression of LGR5, a known stem cell marker, is poorly understood in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and related neoplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate LGR5 in BE and related neoplasia and to evaluate its utility as a potential biomarker of progression to advanced neoplasia.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess Safety and Tolerability of (Thetanix) Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in Adolescent Crohn's Disease
Hansen, Richard PhD1; Sanderson, Ian R. MD2; Muhammed, Rafeeq MBChB3; Allen, Stephen MD4,5; Tzivinikos, Christos MD5; Henderson, Paul PhD6,7; Gervais, Lisa BN1; Jeffery, Ian B. PhD8; Mullins, David P. MSc8; O'Herlihy, Eileen A. PhD8; Weinberg, John D. MBBCh9; Kitson, Geoff MBBS10; Russell, Richard K. PhD6; Wilson, David C. MD7
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000287
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00287
Thetanix (gastroresistant capsules containing lyophilized Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) is a live biotherapeutic, under development for Crohn's disease, that antagonizes transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha. We aimed to assess safety and tolerability in adolescents with Crohn's disease in remission.
Discovery and Validation of Serum Autoantibodies Against Tumor-Associated Antigens as Biomarkers in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Based on the Focused Protein Arrays
Yang, Qian MD1,2; Qin, Jiejie MD, PhD1,2; Sun, Guiying MD1,2; Qiu, Cuipeng MD1,2; Jiang, Di MD1,2; Ye, Hua MD, PhD1,2; Wang, Xiao MD3; Dai, Liping MD, PhD3; Zhu, Jicun MD1,2; Wang, Peng MD, PhD1,2; Zhang, Jianying MD, PhD1,2,3
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000284
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00284
Previous studies have demonstrated that autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in patients with cancer can be used as sensitive immunodiagnostic biomarkers for the detection of cancer. Most of these TAAs are involved in the tumorigenesis pathway. Cancer driver genes with intragenic mutations can promote tumorigenesis. This study aims to identify autoantibodies against TAAs encoded by cancer driver genes in sera as potential immunodiagnostic biomarkers for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).
Meta-Analysis Reveals the Prognostic Relevance of Nuclear and Membrane-Associated Bile Acid Receptors in Gastric Cancer
Rohr, Michael BA1; Aljabban, Jihad MD, MS2; Rudeski-Rohr, Trina BA1; Lessans, Spencer BS1; Nakkina, Sai Preethi MS1; Hadley, Dexter MD, PhD3; Zhu, Xiang MS1; Altomare, Deborah A. PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000295
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00295
Bile acids (BAs) arising from duodenogastric reflux are known to facilitate gastric cancer (GC) development. Although BAs traditionally contribute to carcinogenesis through direct cellular cytotoxicity, increasing evidence implicates nuclear and membrane BA receptors (BARs) as additional factors influencing cancer risk. Indeed, some BARs are already linked with GC, but conflicting evidence and lack of information regarding other endogenous BARs warrant further investigation. In this study, we meta-analyzed multiple data sets to identify clinically relevant relationships between BAR expression and prognosis, clinicopathology, and activity in GC.
High-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Superior to Standard-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors in High-Risk Patients With Bleeding Ulcers and High-Risk Stigmata After Endoscopic Hemostasis
Zhu, Zhenhua MD, PhD1; Lai, Yongkang MD1; Ouyang, Liu MD1; Lv, Nonghua MD1; Chen, Youxiang MD1; Shu, Xu MD, PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000294
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00294
To define the best cutoff of the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) for identifying high- and low-risk rebleeding patients with bleeding ulcers and high-risk stigmata after endoscopic hemostasis and compare the efficacy of high-dose and standard-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitors (HD-IVPs and SD-IVPs, respectively) in this patient population.
Follow-up of 3 Million Persons Undergoing Colonoscopy in Germany: Utilization of Repeat Colonoscopies and Polypectomies Within 10 Years
Schwarz, Sarina MSc1; Schäfer, Wiebke MA, MSc1; Horenkamp-Sonntag, Dirk MD, MSc2; Liebentraut, Judith BA2; Haug, Ulrike PhD1,3
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000279
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00279
Given the sparsity of longitudinal studies on colonoscopy use, we quantified utilization of repeat colonoscopy within 10 years and the proportion of persons with polypectomies at first repeat colonoscopy using a large German claims database.
Correlation of Fecal Immunochemical Testing Levels With Pathology Results in a National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
O'Reilly, Susanne M. MBBCh, BAO, MSc, MRCPI1; MacNally, Sara BA, PhD2; O'Donoghue, Diarmuid MB, PhD2; Mooney, Therese PhD2; Fitzpatrick, Patricia BA, MPH, PhD2; Mulcahy, Hugh E. MD1; Cullen, Garret MD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000277
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00277
Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) positivity is determined by a threshold decided by individual screening programs. Data are limited on correlation between FIT levels and pathology identified at colonoscopy. Our aim was to examine the correlation between FIT levels and pathology identified in a national colorectal cancer screening program.
Increased Fecal Neopterin Parallels Gastrointestinal Symptoms in COVID-19
Grabherr, Felix MD1; Effenberger, Maria MD1; Pedrini, Alisa MD1; Mayr, Lisa PhD1; Schwärzler, Julian MD1; Reider, Simon MD1; Enrich, Barbara TA1; Fritsche, Gernot MD2; Wildner, Sophie MD2; Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa MD2; Weiss, Günter MD2; Scholl-Bürgi, Sabine MD3; Müller, Thomas MD3; Moschen, Alexander MD, PhD1; Adolph, Timon E. MD, PhD1; Tilg, Herbert MD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000293
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00293
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread from Wuhan, China, and become a worldwide pandemic. Most patients display respiratory symptoms but up to 50% report gastrointestinal symptoms. Neopterin is a surrogate marker for viral inflammation, and its production by macrophages is driven by interferon-?.
Development and Validation of an Automatic Image-Recognition Endoscopic Report Generation System: A Multicenter Study
Qu, Jun-yan MD1,2,3; Li, Zhen MD, PhD1,2,3; Su, Jing-ran MD1,2,3; Ma, Ming-jun MD1,2,3; Xu, Chang-qin MD, PhD4; Zhang, Ai-jun MD5; Liu, Cheng-xia MD, PhD6; Yuan, Hai-peng MD, PhD7; Chu, Yan-liu MD, PhD8; Lang, Cui-cui MD9; Huang, Liu-ye MD10; Lu, Lin MD, PhD11; Li, Yan-qing MD, PhD1,2,3; Zuo, Xiu-li MD, PhD1,2,3
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000282
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00282
Conventional gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy reports written by physicians are time consuming and might have obvious heterogeneity or omissions, impairing the efficiency and multicenter consultation potential. We aimed to develop and validate an image recognition–based structured report generation system (ISRGS) through a multicenter database and to assess its diagnostic performance.
Ileocolonic Histopathological and Microbial Alterations in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nested Community Case-Control Study
Talley, Nicholas J. MD, PhD1,2; Alexander, James L. MBBS, PhD,3; Walker, Marjorie M. BMBS2,4; Jones, Michael P. PhD2,5; Hugerth, Luisa W. PhD6; Engstrand, Lars PhD6; Agréus, Lars MD, PhD7; Powell, Nicholas MBChB, PhD2,3; Andreasson, Anna PhD5,8,9
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000296
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00296
Histopathological alterations in the ileum and colon in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are controversial, and normal values are poorly established. We hypothesized that changes in mucosal immune cells characterize IBS and key changes in immune composition are associated with the mucosa-associated microbiota (MaM).
Serum Gastrin Predicts Hydrogen-Producing Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients With Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Study
Kim, Yeon-Ji MD, PhD1; Paik, Chang-Nyol MD, PhD1; Jo, Ik Hyun MD1; Kim, Dae Bum MD, PhD1; Lee, Ji Min MD, PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000291
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00291
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) might be associated with a history of abdominal surgery. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SIBO and to investigate serum gastrin and pepsinogen as predictors of SIBO in patients with a history of hysterectomy, gastrectomy, or cholecystectomy.
Risk and Risk Score Performance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Patients With Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance
Park, Yewan MD1; Lee, Jeong-Hoon MD, PhD2; Sinn, Dong Hyun MD, PhD1; Park, Jun Yong MD, PhD3; Kim, Minseok Albert MD2; Kim, Yoon Jun MD, PhD2; Yoon, Jung-Hwan MD, PhD2; Kim, Do Young MD, PhD3; Ahn, Sang Hoon MD, PhD3; Kang, Wonseok MD, PhD1; Gwak, Geum-Youn MD, PhD1; Paik, Yong-Han MD, PhD1; Choi, Moon Seok MD, PhD1; Lee, Joon Hyeok MD, PhD1; Koh, Kwang Cheol MD, PhD1; Paik, Seung Woon MD, PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000290
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00290
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can develop among chronic hepatitis B patients after hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance. However, whether HCC risk after HBsAg seroclearance differs between antiviral therapy (AVT)-induced or spontaneous seroclearance cases and ways to identify at-risk populations remain unclear.
Effect of a Best Practice Alert on Birth-Cohort Screening for Hepatitis C Virus
Khan, Mohammad Qasim MBBS1; Belopolsky, Yuliya MD2; Gampa, Anuhya MD1; Greenberg, Ian MD2; Beig, Muhammad Imran BBA3; Imas, Polina BSc3; Sonnenberg, Amnon MD, MSc4; Fimmel, Claus J. MD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000297
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00297
We assessed the influence of a best practice alert (BPA) embedded within the electronic medical record on improving hepatitis C virus (HCV) birth-cohort screening by primary care physicians (PCPs).
Comparison of Prognostic Scores in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Sorafenib
Sansone, Vito MD1,2; Tovoli, Francesco MD1,2; Casadei-Gardini, Andrea MD3,4,5,6; Di Costanzo, Giovan Giuseppe MD7; Magini, Giulia MD8; Sacco, Rodolfo MD9,10; Pressiani, Tiziana MD11; Trevisani, Franco MD2,12; Rimini, Margherita MD13; Tortora, Raffaella MD4; Nardi, Elena1,2; Ielasi, Luca MD1,2; Piscaglia, Fabio MD1,2; Granito, Alessandro MD1,2
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000286
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00286
Prognostic classifications for patients treated with sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) facilitate stratification in trials and inform clinical decision making. Recently, 3 different prognostic models (hepatoma arterial-embolization prognosis [HAP] score, sorafenib advanced HCC prognosis [SAP] score, and Prediction Of Survival in Advanced Sorafenib-treated HCC [PROSASH]-II) have been proposed specifically for patients treated with sorafenib. This study aimed to compare the prognostic performance of different scores.
Alterations in Heart Rate Variability Associated With Irritable Bowel Syndrome or Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sadowski, Adam ND, MS1; Dunlap, Corina ND, MS1; Lacombe, Alison PhD1; Hanes, Douglas PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000275
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00275
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are gastrointestinal pathologies affecting large numbers of the global population and incurring significant healthcare costs. Disruptions in the gut-brain axis occurring in these conditions can lead to increased inflammation, affecting gastrointestinal and autonomic nervous system function. Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to assess the state of the sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the autonomic nervous system, but it remains unclear how HRV measures are associated with gastrointestinal pathologies. Here, we conduct a systematic review of the literature comparing HRV of subjects diagnosed with IBS or IBD to HRV in healthy controls (HC).
Association of Chronic Opisthorchis Infestation and Microbiota Alteration on Tumorigenesis in Cholangiocarcinoma
Ketpueak, Thanika MD1; Thiennimitr, Parameth MD, PhD2,3,4; Apaijai, Nattayaporn PhD3,4; Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. DDS, PhD3,4; Chattipakorn, Nipon MD, PhD3,4,5
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000292
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00292
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a common hepatobiliary cancer in East and Southeast Asia. The data of microbiota contribution in CCA are still unclear. Current available reports have demonstrated that an Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection leads to dysbiosis in the bile duct. An increase in the commensal bacteria Helicobacter spp. in OV-infected CCA patients is associated with bile duct inflammation, severity of bile duct fibrosis, and cholangiocyte proliferation. In addition, secondary bile acids, major microbial metabolites, can mediate cholangiocyte inflammation and proliferation in the liver. A range of samples from CCA patients (stool, bile, and tumor) showed different degrees of dysbiosis. The evidence from these samples suggests that OV infection is associated with alterations in microbiota and could potentially have a role in CCA. In this comprehensive review, reports from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that demonstrate possible links between OV infection, microbiota, and CCA pathogenesis are summarized and discussed. Understanding these associations may pave ways for novel potential adjunct intervention in gut microbiota in CCA patients.
Human Intestinal Barrier: Effects of Stressors, Diet, Prebiotics, and Probiotics
Camilleri, Michael MD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000308
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00308
The objectives of this article are to understand the effects of stressors (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, exercise, and pregnancy) and components in the diet, specifically prebiotics and probiotics, on intestinal barrier function. Stressors generally reduce barrier function, and these effects can be reversed by supplements such as zinc or glutamine that are among the substances that enhance the barrier. Other dietary factors in the diet that improve the barrier are vitamins A and D, tryptophan, cysteine, and fiber; by contrast, ethanol, fructose, and dietary emulsifiers increase permeability. Effects of prebiotics on barrier function are modest; on the other hand, probiotics exert direct and indirect antagonism of pathogens, and there are documented effects of diverse probiotic species, especially combination agents, on barrier function in vitro, in vivo in animal studies, and in human randomized controlled trials conducted in response to stress or disease. Clinical observations of benefits with combination probiotics in inflammatory diseases have simultaneously not appraised effects on intestinal permeability. In summary, probiotics and synbiotics enhance intestinal barrier function in response to stressor or disease states. Future studies should address the changes in barrier function and microbiota concomitant with assessment of clinical outcomes.
Response to Rathi et al.
Bishehsari, Faraz MD, PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000270
January 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p e00270
