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Call for Emergency Action to Limit Global Temperature Increases, Restore Biodiversity, and Protect Health: Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster*
Lukoye Atwoli, Abdullah H Baqui, Thomas Benfield, Raffaella Bosurgi, Fiona Godlee, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Ian Norman, Kirsten Patrick, Nigel Praities, Marcel G M Olde Rikkert, Eric J Rubin, Peush Sahni, Richard Smith, Nick Talley, Sue Turale, Damián Vázquez
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab150
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 1975–1977
Vitamin D Levels May Predict Response to Vedolizumab
Giorgos Bamias, Jesús Rivera-Nieves
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab105
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 1978–1979
Vitamin D Is Associated with ?4?7+ Immunophenotypes and Predicts Vedolizumab Therapy Failure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
John Gubatan, Samuel J S Rubin, Lawrence Bai, Yeneneh Haileselassie, Steven Levitte, Tatiana Balabanis, Akshar Patel, Arpita Sharma, Sidhartha R Sinha, Aida Habtezion
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab114
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 1980–1990
Vitamin D downregulates the in vitro expression of the gut-tropic integrin ?4?7 on immune cells. The clinical relevance of this finding in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that vitamin D is associated with ?4?7 immunophenotypes and risk of vedolizumab [anti-?4?7] failure in IBD.
Shifting Health Care Use from Hospitalisations and Surgeries to Outpatient Visits in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-based Cohort Study from Ontario, Canada
Aman K Dheri, M Ellen Kuenzig, David R Mack, Sanjay K Murthy, Gilaad G Kaplan, Jessy Donelle, Glenys Smith, Eric I Benchimol
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab095
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 1991–2000
Modern, specialised care for children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] may have resulted in changes in health services use. We report trends over time in health services utilisation and surgery for children with IBD and children without IBD.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Risankizumab Treatment in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Results from the Phase 2 Open-Label Extension Study
Marc Ferrante, Brian G Feagan, Julián Panés, Filip Baert, Edouard Louis, Olivier Dewit, Arthur Kaser, W Rachel Duan, Yinuo Pang, Wan-Ju Lee, Dawn Gustafson, Xiaomei Liao, Kori Wallace, Jasmina Kalabic, Geert R D’Haens
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab093
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2001–2010
Risankizumab, an interleukin-23 antibody, demonstrated efficacy and acceptable safety in a phase 2 study of patients with moderate-to-severe refractory Crohn’s disease. This open-label extension investigated the long-term safety, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and efficacy of risankizumab in responders to risankizumab in the parent phase 2 study.
Effectiveness and Safety of Adalimumab Biosimilar SB5 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Outcomes in Originator to SB5 Switch, Double Biosimilar Switch and Bio-Naïve SB5 Observational Cohorts
Lauranne A A P Derikx, Heather W Dolby, Nikolas Plevris, Laura Lucaciu, Caitlin S Rees, Mathew Lyons, Spyros I Siakavellas, Nathan Constantine-Cooke, Philip Jenkinson, Shanna Su, Claire O’Hare, Laura Kirckpatrick, Lynne M Merchant, Colin Noble, Ian D Arnott, Gareth-Rhys Jones, Charlie W Lees
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab100
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2011–2021
Multiple adalimumab [ADA] biosimilars are now approved for use in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]; however, effectiveness and safety data remain scarce. We aimed to investigate long-term outcomes of the ADA biosimilar SB5 in IBD patients following a switch from the ADA originator [SB5-switch cohort] or after start of SB5 [SB5-start cohort].
Upadacitinib Treatment Improves Symptoms of Bowel Urgency and Abdominal Pain, and Correlates With Quality of Life Improvements in Patients With Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Subrata Ghosh, Yuri Sanchez Gonzalez, Wen Zhou, Ryan Clark, Wangang Xie, Edouard Louis, Edward V Loftus, Jr, Julian Panes, Silvio Danese
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab099
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2022–2030
Bowel urgency and abdominal pain are impactful, yet under-appreciated ulcerative colitis symptoms and not commonly assessed in clinical trials. We evaluated how these symptoms may improve with upadacitinib treatment and correlate with clinical and health-related quality of life [HRQOL] outcomes in the phase 2b U-ACHIEVE study.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Increases the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Children: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
M Ellen Kuenzig, Alain Bitton, Matthew W Carroll, Gilaad G Kaplan, Anthony R Otley, Harminder Singh, Geoffrey C Nguyen, Anne M Griffiths, Therese A Stukel, Laura E Targownik, Jennifer L Jones, Sanjay K Murthy, Jeffrey D McCurdy, Charles N Bernstein, Lisa M Lix, Juan Nicolás Peña-Sánchez, David R Mack, Kevan Jacobson, Wael El-Matary, Trevor J B Dummer, Stephen G Fung, Sarah Spruin, Zoann Nugent, Divine Tanyingoh, Yunsong Cui, Christopher Filliter, Stephanie Coward, Shabnaz Siddiq, Eric I Benchimol on behalf of the Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab113
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2031–2040
Although venous thromboembolism [VTE] is a well-known complication of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in adults, limited data exist on the risk in children. We report the incidence of VTE among children with and without IBD.
Nutrient, Fibre, and FODMAP Intakes and Food-related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Their Relationship with Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Differing Aetiologies
Selina R Cox, Hazel Clarke, Majella O’Keeffe, Patrick Dubois, Peter M Irving, James O Lindsay, Kevin Whelan
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab116
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2041–2053
Certain foods are reported as gut symptom triggers in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and fructans are shown to worsen non-inflammatory symptoms in inactive IBD, which may result in self-imposed dietary restrictions. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrient and FODMAP intakes, and the relationship between gut symptoms and dietary intake, in IBD.
A Crohn’s Disease-associated IL2RA Enhancer Variant Determines the Balance of T Cell Immunity by Regulating Responsiveness to IL-2 Signalling
Rimma Goldberg, Jennie N Clough, Luke B Roberts, Jenifer Sanchez, Shahram Kordasti, Nedyalko Petrov, Arnulf Hertweck, Anna Lorenc, Ian Jackson, Scott Tasker, Anna Appios, Omer Omer, Miles Parkes, Natalie Prescott, Richard G Jenner, Peter M Irving, Graham M Lord
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab103
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2054–2065
Differential responsiveness to interleukin [IL]-2 between effector CD4+ T cells [Teff] and regulatory T cells [Treg] is a fundamental mechanism of immunoregulation. The single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs61839660, located within IL2RA [CD25], has been associated with the development of Crohn’s disease [CD]. We sought to identify the T cell immune phenotype of IBD patients who carry this SNP.
Alteration in Urease-producing Bacteria in the Gut Microbiomes of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Ron Ryvchin, Vadim Dubinsky, Keren Rabinowitz, Nir Wasserberg, Iris Dotan, Uri Gophna
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab101
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2066–2077
Bacterial urease is a major virulence factor of human pathogens, and murine models have shown that it can contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD].
Integrative Analysis of Colonic Biopsies from Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Identifies an Interaction Between Microbial Bile Acid-inducible Gene Abundance and Human Angiopoietin-like 4 Gene Expression
Cristian Hernández-Rocha, Krzysztof Borowski, Williams Turpin, Melissa Filice, Shadi Nayeri, Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay, Joanne M Stempak, Mark S Silverberg
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab096
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2078–2087
Microbial-derived bile acids can modulate host gene expression, and their faecal abundance is decreased in active inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We analysed the impact of endoscopic inflammation on microbial genes involved in bile acid biotransformation, and their interaction with host transcriptome in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients.
SATB2 Defect Promotes Colitis and Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer by Impairing Cl-/HCO3- Exchange and Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota
Hengli Ni, Yongyu Chen, Wei Xia, Chuyi Wang, Caihong Hu, Lina Sun, Wen Tang, Hongxia Cui, Tong Shen, Yao Liu, Jianming Li
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab094
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2088–2102
SATB2 is a diagnostic biomarker and a favourable prognostic marker for colorectal cancer [CRC], but its role in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer [CAC] is unknown.
MTDH Promotes Intestinal Inflammation by Positively Regulating TLR Signalling
Lijuan Wang, Ning Zhang, Dianwen Han, Peng Su, Bing Chen, Wenjing Zhao, Ying Liu, Hanwen Zhang, Guohong Hu, Qifeng Yang
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab086
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2103–2117
Macrophages in the intestinal mucosa can rapidly engage Toll-like receptor [TLR]-mediated inflammatory responses to protect against pathogen invasion, but these same innate immune responses can also drive the induction of colitis. Our previous research revealed that metadherin [MTDH] is overexpressed in multiple cancers and plays vital roles in tumour progression. However, the role of MTDH in intestinal inflammation is largely unknown. In this study, we found the MTDH expression in colonic lamina propria [CLP] macrophages was positively correlated with inflammatory colitis severity. MTDH-/- mice were protected against the symptoms of dextran sodium sulphate [DSS]-induced colitis; however, adoptive transfer of MTDH wild-type [WT] monocytes partially restored the susceptibility of MTDH-/- mice to DSS-induced colitis. TLR stimulation was sufficient to induce the expression of MTDH, whereas the absence of MTDH was sufficient to suppress TLR-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. From a mechanistic perspective, MTDH recruited TRAF6 to TAK1, leading to TRAF6-mediated TAK1 K63 ubiquitination and phosphorylation, ultimately facilitating TLR-induced NF-?B and MAPK signalling. Taken together, our results indicate that MTDH contributes to colitis development by promoting TLR-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in CLP macrophages and might represent a potential therapeutic approach for intestine inflammation intervention.
Loss of PTPN22 Promotes Intestinal Inflammation by Compromising Granulocyte-mediated Antibacterial Defence
Marianne R Spalinger, Marlene Schwarzfischer, Anna Niechcial, Kirstin Atrott, Andrea Laimbacher, Claudia Gottier, Silvia Lang, Michael Scharl
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab098
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2118–2130
A single nucleotide polymorphism in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 [PTPN22] has been associated with the onset of autoimmune disorders, but protects from Crohn’s disease. PTPN22 deficiency in mice promotes intestinal inflammation by modulating lymphocyte function. However, the impact of myeloid PTPN22 in colitis development remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PTPN2 in the IL-10 and the T cell transfer colitis models.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer: Translational Risks from Mechanisms to Medicines
Ross J Porter, Mark J Arends, Antonia M D Churchhouse, Shahida Din
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab102
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2131–2141
The cumulative impact of chronic inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases predisposes to the development of inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer [IBD-CRC]. Inflammation can induce mutagenesis, and the relapsing–remitting nature of this inflammation, together with epithelial regeneration, may exert selective pressure accelerating carcinogenesis. The molecular pathogenesis of IBD-CRC, termed the ‘inflammation–dysplasia–carcinoma’ sequence, is well described. However, the immunopathogenesis of IBD-CRC is less well understood. The impact of novel immunosuppressive therapies, which aim to achieve deep remission, is mostly unknown. Therefore, this timely review summarizes the clinical context of IBD-CRC, outlines the molecular and immunological basis of disease pathogenesis, and considers the impact of novel biological therapies.
Elevated Adherence to Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Edoardo G Giannini, Maria Giulia Demarzo, Giorgia Bodini
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab104
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 2142–2143
