CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Neurologists should be able to identify clinical and neuroimaging features that distinguish vascular disorders from other causes of myelopathy.

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Myelitis and Other Autoimmune Myelopathies

Lopez Chiriboga, Sebastian MD; Flanagan, Eoin P. MBBCh

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000900

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 62-92

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides an update on the clinical diagnosis and management of immune-mediated myelopathies, including the relevance of imaging, ancillary testing with an emphasis on autoantibody biomarkers, recognition of myelitis mimics, and therapeutic approach.

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Infectious Myelopathies

Toledano, Michel MD

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000930

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 93-120

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews infectious etiologies of spinal cord dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of recognizing common clinicoradiographic syndromes and interpreting them in the context of exposure risk and individual host susceptibilities.

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Neoplastic Myelopathies

Pruitt, Amy A. MD, FAAN

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000964

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 121-142

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the current classification system of primary spinal cord tumors and explores evolving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for both primary tumors and metastatic tumors to various compartments of the spinal cord.

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Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies

Parks, Natalie Elizabeth MD

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000963

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 143-162

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article describes the clinical presentation, relevant diagnostic investigations, and treatment of metabolic and toxic myelopathies.

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Spondylotic and Other Structural Myelopathies

Bhattacharyya, Shamik MD, MS

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000975

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 163-184

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article highlights both common structural causes of myelopathy, such as spondylotic disease, and infrequent but treatable causes, such as syringomyelia, spinal cord herniation, arachnoid cyst, arachnoid band and web, epidural lipomatosis, Hirayama disease, and arachnoiditis.

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Hereditary Myelopathies

Fink, John K. MD

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000934

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 185-204

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article guides clinicians in the clinical recognition and differential diagnosis of hereditary myelopathies.

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Disorders of the Cauda Equina

LoRusso, Samantha MD

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000903

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 205-224

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cauda equina dysfunction (often referred to as cauda equina syndrome) is caused by a diverse group of disorders that affect the lumbosacral nerve roots. It is important to recognize dysfunction of the cauda equina quickly to minimize diagnostic delay and lasting neurologic symptoms. This article describes cauda equina anatomy and the clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management of cauda equina disorders.

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Neuroimaging of Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina Disorders

Diehn, Felix E. MD; Krecke, Karl N. MD, FACR

doi : 10.1212/CON.0000000000000926

Issue: Volume 27(1), February 2021, p 225-263

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the neuroimaging of disorders of the spinal cord and cauda equina, with a focus on MRI. An anatomic approach is used; diseases of the extradural, intradural-extramedullary, and intramedullary (parenchymal) compartments are considered, and both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions are covered. Differentiating imaging features are highlighted.

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