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Breastfeeding: when will enough evidence be enough?
Deborah L O'Connor
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab252
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1577–1578
Can increasing physical activity prevent aging-related loss of skeletal muscle?
Steven B Heymsfield, Nicole Fearnbach
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab283
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1579–1580
Diet, blood pressure, and heart disease—precision nutrition approaches to understand response to diet and predict disease risk
Baukje de Roos
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab313
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1581–1582
Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life
Klaas R Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai K Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, William W Wong, John R Speakman, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1583–1589
Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.
Cognitive response to testosterone replacement added to intensive lifestyle intervention in older men with obesity and hypogonadism: prespecified secondary analyses of a randomized clinical trial
Giulia Gregori, Alessandra Celli, Yoann Barnouin, Arjun Paudyal, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Nicola Napoli, Clifford Qualls, Dennis T Villareal
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab253
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1590–1599
Both obesity and hypogonadism are common in older men which could additively exacerbate age-related declines in cognitive function. However, little is known about the effects of lifestyle intervention plus testosterone replacement therapy in this population.
Bone turnover in pregnancy, measured by urinary CTX, is influenced by vitamin D supplementation and is associated with maternal bone health: findings from the Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS) trial
Elizabeth M Curtis, Camille Parsons, Kate Maslin, Stefania D'Angelo, Rebecca J Moon, Sarah R Crozier, Fatma Gossiel, Nicholas J Bishop, Stephen H Kennedy, Aris T Papageorghiou, Robert Fraser, Saurabh V Gandhi, Ann Prentice, Hazel M Inskip, Keith M Godfrey, Inez Schoenmakers, M Kassim Javaid, Richard Eastell, Cyrus Cooper, Nicholas C Harvey, MAVIDOS Trial Group
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab264
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1600–1611
The pattern of change in maternal bone turnover throughout pregnancy is poorly characterized.
Unrestrained eating behavior and risk of digestive system cancers: a prospective cohort study
Yin Zhang, Mingyang Song, Andrew T Chan, Eva S Schernhammer, Brian M Wolpin, Meir J Stampfer, Jeffrey A Meyerhardt, Charles S Fuchs, Susan B Roberts, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu, Edward L Giovannucci, Kimmie Ng
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab235
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1612–1624
Unrestrained eating behavior, as a potential proxy for diet frequency, timing, and caloric intake, has been questioned as a plausible risk factor for digestive system cancers, but epidemiological evidence remains sparse.
International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: a systematic review
Fiona S Atkinson, Jennie C Brand-Miller, Kaye Foster-Powell, Anette E Buyken, Janina Goletzke
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab233
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1625–1632
Reliable tables of glycemic indexes (GIs) and glycemic loads (GLs) are critical to research examining the relationship between glycemic qualities of carbohydrate in foods, diets, and health. In the 12 years since the last edition of the tables, a large amount of new data has become available.
Neither low salivary amylase activity, cooling cooked white rice, nor single nucleotide polymorphisms in starch-digesting enzymes reduce glycemic index or starch digestibility: a randomized, crossover trial in healthy adults
Thomas M S Wolever, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Adish Ezatagha, Andreea Zurbau, Alexandra L Jenkins
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab228
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1633–1645
It was suggested that low salivary-amylase activity (SAA) and cooling or stir-frying cooked starch decreases its digestibility and glycemic index.
Metabolomics of the tryptophan–kynurenine degradation pathway and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure: potential modification effect of Mediterranean diet
Cristina Razquin, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Estefania Toledo, Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Clary B Clish, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Jun Li, Clemens Wittenbecher, Courtney Dennis, Angel Alonso-Gómez, Montse Fitó, Liming Liang, Dolores Corella, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Ramon Estruch, Miquel Fiol, Jose Lapetra, Lluis Serra-Majem, Emilio Ros, Fernando Aros, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Frank B Hu, Miguel A Martínez-González
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab238
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1646–1654
The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway is linked to inflammation. We hypothesize that metabolites implicated in this pathway may be associated with the risk of heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Temporal changes in soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 associated with metabolic health, body composition, and proteome dynamics during a weight loss diet intervention: a randomized trial with implications for the COVID-19 pandemic
Nicholas Cauwenberghs, Mary Prunicki, František Sabov?ik, Dalia Perelman, Kévin Contrepois, Xiao Li, Michael P Snyder, Kari C Nadeau, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Francois Haddad, Christopher D Gardner
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab243
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1655–1665
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves protective functions in metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary diseases and is linked to COVID-19 pathology. The correlates of temporal changes in soluble ACE2 (sACE2) remain understudied.
A lifestyle intervention with an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and physical activity enhances HDL function: a substudy of the PREDIMED-Plus randomized controlled trial
Albert Sanllorente, María Trinidad Soria-Florido, Olga Castañer, Camille Lassale, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Isaac Subirana, Emilio Ros, Dolores Corella, Ramón Estruch, Francisco J Tinahones, Álvaro Hernáez, Montserrat Fitó
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab246
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1666–1674
Consumption of a Mediterranean diet, adequate levels of physical activity, and energy-restricted lifestyle interventions have been individually associated with improvements in HDL functions. Evidence of intensive interventions with calorie restriction and physical activity is, however, scarce.
The effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Ahmad Jayedi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab250
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1675–1685
Uncertainty remains about the estimates of the effects for resveratrol supplementation, including the certainty of the evidence for each estimate and the magnitude of the observed impact based on the minimal important difference.
Balancing a sustained pursuit of nutrition, health, affordability and climate goals: exploring the case of Indonesia
Saskia de Pee, Ridwan Hardinsyah, Fasli Jalal, Brent F Kim, Richard D Semba, Amy Deptford, Jessica C Fanzo, Rebecca Ramsing, Keeve E Nachman, Shawn McKenzie, Martin W Bloem
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab258
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1686–1697
To guide the transformation of food systems to provide for healthy and sustainable diets, countries need to assess their current diet and food supply in comparison to nutrition, health, affordability, and environmental goals.
Serum concentrations of SFAs and CDKAL1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7747752 are related to an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Hui Wang, Wen Yang, Jinnan Liu, Junhong Leng, Weiqin Li, Zhijie Yu, Jing Li, Ronald C W Ma, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Ying Wang, Xilin Yang
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab225
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1698–1707
Interactions between genetic and nutritional factors can contribute to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Impact of scaling up prenatal nutrition interventions on human capital outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a modeling analysis
Nandita Perumal, Mia M Blakstad, Günther Fink, Mark Lambiris, Lilia Bliznashka, Goodarz Danaei, Christopher R Sudfeld
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab234
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1708–1718
Prenatal nutrition interventions can lead to improved birth outcomes, which in turn are associated with better education and human capital outcomes later in life.
Nutrient composition of preterm mother's milk and factors that influence nutrient content
Amy Gates, Terri Marin, Gianluca De Leo, Jennifer L Waller, Brian K Stansfield
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab226
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1719–1728
Breast milk feedings are the optimal feeding choice for premature infants. Clinicians depend on accurate nutrient profiles of the breast milk in order to make informed decisions regarding the need for nutrient supplementation. Existing data for nutrient composition of preterm breast milk are dated and not representative of the current population of women delivering prematurely in the United States.
Matrix structure of dairy products results in different postprandial lipid responses: a randomized crossover trial
Louise Kjølbæk, Jesper M Schmidt, Emilien Rouy, Klaus J Jensen, Arne Astrup, Hanne C Bertram, Marianne Hammershøj, Anne Raben
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab220
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1729–1742
The dairy matrix may influence digestion and absorption of lipids and thereby risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, few postprandial studies have compared dairy products that differed only in terms of their matrix.
Associations between fatty acid composition in serum cholesteryl esters and liver fat, basal fat oxidation, and resting energy expenditure: a population-based study
Michael Fridén, Fredrik Rosqvist, Joel Kullberg, Håkan Ahlström, Lars Lind, Ulf Risérus
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab221
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1743–1751
We have repeatedly shown in short-term feeding trials that a high intake of dietary n–6 PUFAs, i.e. linoleic acid, prevents liver fat accumulation compared with saturated fat. However, population-based data is lacking and the mechanisms behind such effects are unclear.
Clinical- and omics-based models of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy Chinese adults: a cross-sectional exploratory study
Armand Valsesia, Leonie Egli, Nabil Bosco, Faidon Magkos, Siew Ching Kong, Lijuan Sun, Hui Jen Goh, Huang Weiting, Fabrizio Arigoni, Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, Khung Keong Yeo, Lucas Actis-Goretta
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab269
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1752–1762
Classical risk factors, such as fasting cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), and diabetes status are used today to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, accurate prediction remains limited, particularly in low-risk groups such as women and younger individuals. Growing evidence suggests that biomarker concentrations following consumption of a meal challenge are better and earlier predictors of disease development than biomarker concentrations.
Plasma lipidomics in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective nested case–control study in Chinese women
Yi Wang, Yichao Huang, Ping Wu, Yi Ye, Fengjiang Sun, Xue Yang, Qi Lu, Jiaying Yuan, Yan Liu, Huayan Zeng, Xingyue Song, Shijiao Yan, Xiaorong Qi, Chun-Xia Yang, Chuanzhu Lv, Jason H Y Wu, Gang Liu, Xiong-Fei Pan, Da Chen, An Pan
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab242
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1763–1773
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. There is little evidence regarding the prospective association of the maternal lipidome with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), especially in Chinese populations.
Breastfeeding and risk of overweight in childhood and beyond: a systematic review with emphasis on sibling-pair and intervention studies
Kathryn G Dewey, Darcy Güngör, Sharon M Donovan, Emily M Madan, Sudha Venkatramanan, Teresa A Davis, Ronald E Kleinman, Elsie M Taveras, Regan L Bailey, Rachel Novotny, Nancy Terry, Gisela Butera, Julie Obbagy, Janet de Jesus, Eve Stoody
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab206
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1774–1790
Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of subsequent overweight or obesity, but it is uncertain whether this is a causal relation because most studies have not adequately reduced risk of bias due to confounding.
Leisure-time and study-time Internet use and dietary risk factors in Korean adolescents
Dohyun Byun, Rockli Kim, Hannah Oh
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab229
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1791–1801
Prolonged screen time is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adolescents. However, little is known about whether Internet use is also associated with dietary risk factors including consumption of obesogenic foods.
An investigation of cross-sectional associations of a priori–selected dietary components with circulating bile acids
Doratha A Byrd, Rashmi Sinha, Stephanie J Weinstein, Demetrius Albanes, Neal D Freedman, Joshua Sampson, Erikka Loftfield
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab232
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1802–1813
A growing body of literature suggests chronically higher bile acid (BA) concentrations may be associated with multiple health conditions. Diet may affect BA metabolism and signaling; however, evidence from human populations is lacking.
Socioeconomic inequities in diet quality among a nationally representative sample of adults living in Canada: an analysis of trends between 2004 and 2015
Dana Lee Olstad, Sara Nejatinamini, Charlie Victorino, Sharon I Kirkpatrick, Leia M Minaker, Lindsay McLaren
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab249
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1814–1829
Socioeconomic inequities in diet quality are stable or widening in the United States; however, these trends have not been well characterized in other nations. Moreover, purpose-developed indices of inequities that can provide a more comprehensive and precise perspective of trends in absolute and relative dietary gaps and gradients using multiple indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) have not yet been used, and can inform strategies to narrow dietary inequities.
A food-level substitution analysis assessing the impact of replacing regular-fat dairy with lower fat dairy on saturated fat intake at a population level in Canada
Stéphanie Harrison, Didier Brassard, Didier Garriguet, Simone Lemieux, Benoît Lamarche
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab251
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1830–1836
The 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommends the consumption of lower fat dairy products to reduce saturated fat (SFA) intakes.
Familial factors, diet, and risk of cardiovascular disease: a cohort analysis of the UK Biobank
Hanyue Zhang, Yu Zeng, Huazhen Yang, Yihan Hu, Yao Hu, Wenwen Chen, Zhiye Ying, Yajing Sun, Yuanyuan Qu, Qian Li, Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir, Huan Song
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab261
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1837–1846
Both diet and familial factors have a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains unclear whether familial predisposition to CVD modifies the association between dietary factors and CVD.
Associations of changes in reported and estimated protein and energy intake with changes in insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin, and BMI during the PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study
Mathijs Drummen, Tanja C Adam, Ian A Macdonald, Elli Jalo, Thomas M Larssen, J Alfredo Martinez, Teodora Handjiev-Darlenska, Jennie Brand-Miller, Sally D Poppitt, Gareth Stratton, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Moira A Taylor, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Svetoslav Handjiev, Roslyn Muirhead, Marta P Silvestre, Nils Swindell, Maija Huttunen-Lenz, Wolfgang Schlicht, Tony Lam, Jouko Sundvall, Laura Raman, Edith Feskens, Angelo Tremblay, Anne Raben, Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab247
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1847–1858
Observed associations of high-protein diets with changes in insulin resistance are inconclusive.
Time to achieve delivery of nutrition targets is associated with clinical outcomes in critically ill children
Lori J Bechard, Steven J Staffa, David Zurakowski, Nilesh M Mehta
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab244
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Pages 1859–1867
Optimal nutrition in critically ill children involves a complex interplay between the doses, route, and timing of macronutrient delivery.
Calendar of Events
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab350
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 5, November 2021, Page 1868
