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Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infection and Biological Treatment of IBD: Cause or Consequence?
E Proietti, G M Fuhler, M P Peppelenbosch
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab027
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1247–1249
Keeping It Simple: Using Intestinal Ultrasound to Assess Ulcerative Colitis with a Novel UC-Ultrasound Index
Maxime Delisle, Rune Wilkens, Kerri L Novak
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab066
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1250–1252
Isotype-specific Antibody Responses to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Antigens Are Associated With the Use of Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Kimberley W J van der Sloot, Michiel D Voskuil, Tjasso Blokzijl, Annemieke Dinkla, Lars Ravesloot, Marijn C Visschedijk, Hendrik M van Dullemen, Eleonora A M Festen, Behrooz Z Alizadeh, Coretta van Leer-Buter, Rinse K Weersma, Harry van Goor, Ad P Koets, Gerard Dijkstra
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa263
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1253–1263
The role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis [MAP] in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], especially Crohn’s disease [CD] is controversial due conflicting results and lack of reproducibility and standardised tests. The current study focuses on the role of MAP in disease progression and genetic susceptibility, as MAP is likely one of many factors involved in the complex pathogenesis of IBD, potentially affecting a subgroup depending on genetic susceptibility.
Intestinal Ultrasound to Assess Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis: Development of a novel UC-Ultrasound Index
Steven Bots, Kim Nylund, Mark Löwenberg, Krisztina Gecse, Geert D’Haens
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab002
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1264–1271
Intestinal ultrasound [IUS] is useful to assess inflammation in ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. We aimed to develop an ultrasonographic activity index using endoscopy as the reference standard.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcomes After Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Ulcerative Colitis
Edward L Barnes, Stefan D Holubar, Hans H Herfarth
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab025
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1272–1278
The optimal restorative surgical management of patients with concomitant diagnoses of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis [PSC-UC] who require colectomy is controversial, given that patients may have an increased risk for pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA]. We aimed to compare rates of pouchitis and pouch failure among patients with and without PSC by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Effectiveness of Conjugate and Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccines for Prevention of Severe Pneumococcal Disease Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Bryan L Love, Christopher J Finney, Jill K J Gaidos
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab017
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1279–1283
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen responsible for severe pneumococcal diseases, including pneumonia, bacteraemia/sepsis, and meningitis. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients have an increased risk for infections due to an altered immune system and treatment with immunosuppressive medications. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of severe pneumococcal disease [SPD] and evaluate the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on the risk of SPD in Veterans with IBD.
A Reliability Study: Strong Inter-Observer Agreement of an Expert Panel for Intestinal Ultrasound in Ulcerative Colitis
Floris De Voogd, Rune Wilkens, Krisztina Gecse, Mariangela Allocca, Kerri Novak, Cathy Lu, Geert D’Haens, Christian Maaser
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa267
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1284–1290
Intestinal ultrasound [IUS] is a promising and non-invasive cross-sectional imaging modality in the diagnosis and monitoring of ulcerative colitis [UC]. Unlike endoscopy, where standardized scoring for evaluation of disease activity is widely used, scoring for UC with IUS is currently unavailable. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the reliability of IUS in UC among expert sonographists in order to identify robust parameters.
Interpretation of XIAP Variants of Uncertain Significance in Paediatric Patients with Refractory Crohn’s Disease
Iksoo Chang, Seongjun Park, Hye-Jin Lee, Inki Kim, Sojung Park, Mi Kyoung Ahn, Juhwan Lee, Mooseok Kang, In-Jeoung Baek, Young Hoon Sung, Chan-Gi Pack, Hyo-jeong Kang, Kunsong Lee, Ho Joon Im, Eul Ju Seo, Kyung Mo Kim, Suk-Kyun Yang, Kyuyoung Song, Seak Hee Oh
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab013
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1291–1304
Mutations in XIAP can lead to the development of treatment-refractory severe paediatric Crohn’s disease [CD], for which haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the primary therapeutic option. The interpretation of variants of uncertain significance [VUSs] in XIAP needs to be scrutinized.
Dietary Intake Pattern is Associated with Occurrence of Flares in IBD Patients
Vera Peters, Corinne E G M Spooren, Marie J Pierik, Rinse K Weersma, Hendrik M van Dullemen, Eleonora A M Festen, Marijn C Visschedijk, Adriaan A M Masclee, Evelien M B Hendrix, Rui Jorge Almeida, Corine W M Perenboom, Edith J M Feskens, Gerard Dijkstra, Marjo J E Campmans-Kuijpers, Daisy M A E Jonkers
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab008
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1305–1315
Diet is associated with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Up to half of IBD patients believe that diet contributes to flares. However, studies on this topic are sparse and merely focus on specific nutrients, food items or food groups. We aimed to analyse the association between dietary patterns and flare occurrence in two geographically distinct Dutch cohorts.
Dysregulation of Metabolic Pathways in Circulating Natural Killer Cells Isolated from Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Vanessa Zaiatz Bittencourt, Fiona Jones, Miriam Tosetto, Glen A Doherty, Elizabeth J Ryan
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab014
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1316–1325
Inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], comprising Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], are chronic conditions characterized by severe dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity resulting in the destruction of the intestinal mucosa. Natural killer [NK] cells play a pivotal role in the dynamic interaction between the innate and adaptive immune response. There is an increasing appreciation for the key role immunometabolism plays in the regulation of NK cell function, yet little remains known about the metabolic profile, cytokine secretion, and killing capacity of human NK cells during active IBD.
The Composition and Metabolic Potential of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota Within the Context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Renate A A A Ruigrok, Valerie Collij, Paula Sureda, Marjolein A Y Klaassen, Laura A Bolte, Bernadien H Jansen, Michiel D Voskuil, Jingyuan Fu, Cisca Wijmenga, Alexandra Zhernakova, Rinse K Weersma, Arnau Vich Vila
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab020
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1326–1338
The human gastrointestinal tract harbours distinct microbial communities essential for health. Little is known about small intestinal communities, despite the small intestine playing a fundamental role in nutrient absorption and host-microbe immune homeostasis. We aimed to explore the small intestine microbial composition and metabolic potential, in the context of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].
Subclinical Pulmonary Involvement in Active IBD Responds to Biologic Therapy
M Ellrichmann, J Bethge, J Boesenkoetter, C Conrad, R Noth, T Bahmer, S Nikolaus, K Aden, S Zeissig, S Schreiber
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab024
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1339–1345
Increased mortality from respiratory diseases was observed in epidemiological studies of patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] as a potentially underestimated extraintestinal manifestation. We therefore investigated the presence of pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and the potential effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-?] inhibitors on pulmonary function tests [PFT] in a prospective, longitudinal study.
TREM-1+ Macrophages Define a Pathogenic Cell Subset in the Intestine of Crohn’s Disease Patients
Charles Caër, Frida Gorreja, Sophia K Forsskåhl, Siggeir F Brynjolfsson, Louis Szeponik, Maria K Magnusson, Lars G Börjesson, Mattias Block, Elinor Bexe-Lindskog, Mary Jo Wick
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab022
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1346–1361
Uncontrolled activation of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes [MNPs] drives chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 [TREM-1] has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, the role of TREM-1+ cell subsets in driving IBD pathology and the link with clinical parameters are not understood. We investigated TREM-1 expression in human intestinal MNP subsets and examined blocking TREM-1 as a potential IBD therapy.
Impairment of Tissue-Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
Carl Grim, Robert Noble, Gabriela Uribe, Kamil Khanipov, Paul Johnson, Walter A Koltun, Tammara Watts, Yuriy Fofanov, Gregory S Yochum, Don W Powell, Ellen J Beswick, Irina V Pinchuk
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab001
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1362–1375
Little is known about the presence and function of tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells [MtSCs] within the gastrointestinal mucosa in health and inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. The contribution of MtSCs to the generation of inflammatory fibroblasts during IBD is also poorly understood. We hypothesized that IBD-MtSCs are impaired and contribute to the generation of the pathological myofibroblasts in IBD.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in IBD: Past Lessons, Current Evidence, and Future Challenges
Judith Wellens, Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Jack J Satsangi, Serre-Yu Wong
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab046
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1376–1386
Since the beginning of the pandemic, patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] have been considered at high risk for infection and complications of COVID-19. IBD patients and patients taking immunosuppressive therapy were excluded from clinical phase III vaccine trials, complicating the assessment of effectiveness of these new vaccines. From past experience we know that adapted vaccination strategies may be appropriate in some IBD patients to optimise immunogenicity. We review current evidence on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination relevant to IBD patients, including immune responses from humoral to cellular, emerging data on new variants, and off-label vaccination schemes. We also identify clinical and scientific knowledge gaps that can be translated into both large-scale population-based studies and targeted vaccine studies to describe the precise immune responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in IBD patients. We strongly endorse the recommendation of vaccinating IBD patients to ensure maximal protection from COVID-19 both for the individual and the community.
Endpoints for Perianal Crohn’s Disease Trials: Past, Present and Future
Bénédicte Caron, Ferdinando D’Amico, Silvio Danese, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab026
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1387–1398
Since the 1980s, many studies have evaluated the efficacy of therapies to improve the outcomes of patients with perianal Crohn’s disease. We performed a systematic review to describe the evolution of endpoints in perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease. Efficacy outcomes, definitions and measurement tools were assessed.
Effect of Ustekinumab on Extraintestinal Diseases in Refractory Crohn’s Disease
Antonio Tursi, Giammarco Mocci, Giovanni Maconi
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab028
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1399–1400
Importance of Nutrition and Hypoalbuminaemia in Postoperative Morbidity in Crohn’s Disease: Thinking Outside of the Box on Biologics as Single Risk Factors
Maria Paula Carlini Cambi, Takayuki Yamamoto, Paulo Gustavo Kotze
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab019
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1401–1402
Statin Use and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Authors’ Reply
Paul Lochhead, Hamed Khalili, Michael C Sachs, Andrew T Chan, Ola Olén, Jonas F Ludvigsson
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab015
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1403–1404
Intestinal Ultrasound to Assess Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis: Development of a Novel UC-Ultrasound Index
Mariangela Allocca, Stefanos Bonovas, Silvio Danese
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab018
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1405–1406
