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Highlights from this issue
Frank Larkin
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320184
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:i-ii
Artificial intelligence for diagnosis of inherited retinal disease: an exciting opportunity and one step forward
Tien-En Tan, Hwei Wuen Chan, Mandeep Singh, Tien Yin Wong, Jose S Pulido, Michel Michaelides, Elliott H Sohn, Daniel Ting
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319365
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1187-1189
SARS-CoV-2 on the ocular surface: is it truly a novel transmission route?
Xuhui Chen, Huimin Yu, Ting Mei, Bo Chen, Liwen Chen, Shanling Li, Xian Zhang, Xufang Sun
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316263
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1190-1195
Since December 2019, the novel COVID-19 outbreak has spread rapidly around the globe and infected millions of people. Although the major transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered to be airborne droplets and close contact, the ocular transmission route has been reported with great concern. The current work summarises the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the ocular distribution of the major SARS-CoV-2 binding protein, and the experimental and clinical evidence of the ocular transmission route. Although it seems that the likelihood of the ocular surface being an infection gateway is low, SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission via the ocular surface may cause conjunctivitis and other ocular discomfort. Therefore, good eye protection is an essential safeguard procedure, especially for medical staff.
Highlights from the 2019 International Myopia Summit on ‘controversies in myopia’
Chee Wai Wong, Li Lian Foo, Priya Morjaria, Ian Morgan, Andreas Mueller, Amanda Davis, Drew Keys, Mingguang He, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Jian Feng Zhu, Peter Hendicott, Donald Tan, Seang-Mei Saw, Ching Yu Cheng, Ecosse Luc Lamoureux, Jonathan G Crowston, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Chelvin Sng, Cordelia Chan, Doric Wong, Shu Yen Lee, Rupesh Agrawal, Quan V Hoang, Xinyi Su, Adrian Koh, Cheryl Ngo, Hao Chen, Pei Chang Wu, Audrey Chia, Jost B Jonas, Tien Yin Wong, Marcus Ang
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316475
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1196-1202
Myopia is an emerging public health issue with potentially significant economic and social impact, especially in East Asia. However, many uncertainties about myopia and its clinical management remain. The International Myopia Summit workgroup was convened by the Singapore Eye Research Institute, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness in 2019. The aim of this workgroup was to summarise available evidence, identify gaps or unmet needs and provide consensus on future directions for clinical research in myopia. In this review, among the many ‘controversies in myopia’ discussed, we highlight three main areas of consensus. First, development of interventions for the prevention of axial elongation and pathologic myopia is needed, which may require a multifaceted approach targeting the Bruch’s membrane, choroid and/or sclera. Second, clinical myopia management requires co-operation between optometrists and ophthalmologists to provide patients with holistic care and a tailored approach that balances risks and benefits of treatment by using optical and pharmacological interventions. Third, current diagnostic technologies to detect myopic complications may be improved through collaboration between clinicians, researchers and industry. There is an unmet need to develop new imaging modalities for both structural and functional analyses and to establish normative databases for myopic eyes. In conclusion, the workgroup’s call to action advocated for a paradigm shift towards a collaborative approach in the holistic clinical management of myopia.
Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of strabismus in a Chinese population-based cohort of preschool children: the Nanjing Eye Study
Danni Chen, Rui Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Dan Huang, Yue Wang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Xiaohan Zhang, Qigang Sun, Qingfeng Hao, Haohai Tong, Xinyuan Yao, Weixiao Fan, Weijing Lu, Jingsong Dang, Hui Zhu, Hu Liu
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316807
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1203-1210
To evaluate the prevalence, incidence and their related risk factors of strabismus among preschool children in China.
What can anisometropia tell us about eye growth?
Ian Flitcroft, Sara Mccullough, Kathryn Saunders
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316406
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1211-1215
Both eyes of one individual share the same environment and genes. We examined interocular differences in biometry to determine the potential role of other factors in refractive development.
Prevalence and risk factors of pseudomyopia in a Chinese children population: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study
Meng-Tian Kang, Catherine Jan, ShiMing Li, Mayinuer Yusufu, Xintong Liang, Kai Cao, Luo-Ru Liu, He Li, Ningli Wang, Nathan Congdon
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316341
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1216-1221
To investigate the prevalence and predictors of pseudomyopia in Chinese children and its association with myopia progression.
Ocular surface biopsies of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum in the United Kingdom: a retrospective observational case series
John Vekinis, Ana M Susana Morley
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316125
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1222-1230
To describe the results of all ocular surface biopsies performed on patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) under the care of the UK Nationally Commissioned XP Service as well as the treatment of any subsequent ocular surface conditions diagnosed.
Deep learning algorithms to isolate and quantify the structures of the anterior segment in optical coherence tomography images
Tan Hung Pham, Sripad Krishna Devalla, Aloysius Ang, Zhi-Da Soh, Alexandre H Thiery, Craig Boote, Ching-Yu Cheng, Michael J A Girard, Victor Koh
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315723
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1231-1237
Accurate isolation and quantification of intraocular dimensions in the anterior segment (AS) of the eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is important in the diagnosis and treatment of many eye diseases, especially angle-closure glaucoma.
Amniotic membrane transplantation for Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: the Toronto experience
Yelin Yang, Simon Sheung Man Fung, Hall Chew, Kamiar Mireskandari, Asim Ali
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316056
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1238-1243
Impact of anxiety and depression on progression to glaucoma among glaucoma suspects
Samuel Berchuck, Alessandro Jammal, Sayan Mukherjee, Tamara Somers, Felipe A Medeiros
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316617
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1244-1249
To assess the impact of anxiety and depression in the risk of converting to glaucoma in a cohort of glaucoma suspects followed over time.
Factors influencing the outcome of goniotomy and trabeculotomy in primary congenital glaucoma
Yasmine El Sayed, Amanne Esmael, Nader Mettias, Zeinab El Sanabary, Ghada Gawdat
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313387
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1250-1255
To study the prognostic factors influencing intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and success rates of paediatric goniotomy and trabeculotomy.
Long-term efficacy and tolerability of TNF? inhibitors in the treatment of non-infectious ocular inflammation: an 8-year prospective surveillance study
Srilakshmi M Sharma, Erika Damato, Ann E Hinchcliffe, Colm D Andrews, Katie Myint, Richard Lee, Andrew D Dick
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312767
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1256-1262
To report the efficacy and tolerability of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy (TNF inhibitors [TNFi]) in the management of non-infectious ocular inflammation, including uveitis and scleritis, in adult patients over an 8-year period.
Ophthalmic adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: the Mayo Clinic experience
Blake Hugo Fortes, Harris Liou, Lauren A Dalvin
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316970
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1263-1271
To investigate immune-related ophthalmic side effects of systemic checkpoint inhibitors and compare side effect frequency and requirement for cessation of immunotherapy by checkpoint target.
Prediction of causative genes in inherited retinal disorder from fundus photography and autofluorescence imaging using deep learning techniques
Yu Fujinami-Yokokawa, Hideki Ninomiya, Xiao Liu, Lizhu Yang, Nikolas Pontikos, Kazutoshi Yoshitake, Takeshi Iwata, Yasunori Sato, Takeshi Hashimoto, Kazushige Tsunoda, Hiroaki Miyata, Kaoru Fujinami
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318544
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1272-1279
To investigate the utility of a data-driven deep learning approach in patients with inherited retinal disorder (IRD) and to predict the causative genes based on fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging.
Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in fellow eyes of choroidal neovascularisation associated with central serous chorioretinopathy
Spoorti Krishna Reddy Mandadi, Sumit Randhir Singh, Niroj Kumar Sahoo, Sai Bhakti Mishra, Riccardo Sacconi, Claudio Iovino, Lieselotte Berger, Marion R Munk, Giuseppe Querques, Enrico Peiretti, Jay Chhablani
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313576
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1280-1285
To evaluate the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features of fellow eyes of patients with unilateral choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) associated with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
Validation of a model for the prediction of retinopathy in persons with type 1 diabetes
Vivian Schreur, Heijan Ng, Giels Nijpels, Einar Stefánsson, Cees J Tack, B Jeroen Klevering, Eiko K de Jong, Carel B Hoyng, Jan E E Keunen, Amber A van der Heijden
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313539
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1286-1288
To validate a previously developed model for prediction of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for personalised retinopathy screening in persons with type 1 diabetes.
Right-angled vessels in macular telangiectasia type 2
Simone Tzaridis, Tjebo Heeren, Clarissa Mai, Sarah Thiele, Frank G Holz, Peter Charbel Issa, Philipp Herrmann
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313364
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1289-1296
To evaluate the role of right-angled vessels (RAVs) during disease progression in macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel).
Swept source optical coherence tomography angiography in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: correlation with morphological and functional tests
Raimondo Forte, Hanan Haulani, Agnieszka Dyrda, Ignasi Jürgens
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313679
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1297-1301
To evaluate swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for more than 5 years and to compare results with the tests currently recommended for screening of HCQ retinopathy.
PCR and culture for diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis
Helene Yera, Vichita Ok, Fiona Lee Koy Kuet, Naima Dahane, Frédéric Ariey, Lilia Hasseine, Pascal Delaunay, David Martiano, Pierre Marty, Jean Louis Bourges
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316730
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1302-1306
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but sight-threatening infection. Molecular diagnosis of corneal scraping has improved the diagnosis of AK. Different molecular targets and conditions have been used in diagnosis thus far. In this study, we prospectively compared the performance of five PCR assays on corneal samples for the diagnosis of AK.
Genetic analysis of primary open-angle glaucoma-related risk alleles in a Korean population: the GLAU-GENDISK study
Yong Woo Kim, Yun Hwan Lee, Jin-Soo Kim, Jinho Lee, Yu Jeong Kim, Hyun Sub Cheong, Seok Hwan Kim, Ki Ho Park, Dong Myung Kim, Hyuk Jin Choi, Jin Wook Jeoung
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316089
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1307-1312
To validate six previously known primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)-related loci in a Korean population.
Aerosol generation through pars plana vitrectomy
Hasan Naveed, Fong May Chew, Hanbin Lee, Edward Hughes, Mayank A Nanavaty
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317214
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1313-1317
To assess whether pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) in an ex vivo experimental model.
Twenty years of International Council of Ophthalmology fellowships: description of the programme and the impact on more than 1100 awardees
Emilio A Torres-Netto, Cordula Gabel-Obermaier, Peter Gabel, Balder Gloor, Peter Wiedemann, Hugh Taylor, Clare Davey, Nicola Quilter, Berthold Seitz
doi : 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316484
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1318-1324
The International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) offers fellowship programmes to help young ophthalmologists, mainly from low-resource countries, improve their practical or research skills in ophthalmology subspecialty areas. Using questionnaires, the objective of the present study was to evaluate how the ICO Fellowship Programme has impacted on improving knowledge, skills and the careers of young ophthalmologists from low-resource countries.
