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Reconstructing Phenotypes in Recurrent Severe Wheeze in Young Children
Jonathan M. Gaffin
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202105-1294ED
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 495–496
Place Matters: Residential Racial Segregation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
John R. Balmes
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202105-1209ED
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 496–498
Bacterial Coinfection in COVID-19 and Influenza Pneumonia
Daniel M. Musher
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202106-1467ED
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 498–500
Identifying Survivors of Sepsis at Risk for Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes
Florian B. Mayr 1,2 and Hallie C. Prescott 3,4
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202105-1322ED
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 500–501
The Conundrum of Pain, Opiate Use, and Delirium: Analgosedation or Analgesia-First Approach?
Christina J. Hayhurst 1,2, Christopher G. Hughes 1,2, and Pratik P. Pandharipande 1,2
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202104-0968ED
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 502–503
Atrial Fibrillation, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: No Easy Fix
Matthew Hind 1,2 and Tom Wong 3
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202105-1208ED
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 503–505
A Ginger Root or Plum Model for the Tuberculosis “Granuloma”?
Véronique Dartois 1,2 and Thomas Dick 1,2,3
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202104-1052ED
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 505–507
Ensuring Access to Albuterol in Schools: From Policy to Implementation. An Official ATS/AANMA/ALA/NASN Policy Statement
Anna Volerman , Ashley A. Lowe , Andrea A. Pappalardo , Charmayne M. C. Anderson , Kathryn V. Blake , Tyra Bryant-Stephens , Thomas Carr , Heather Carter , Lisa Cicutto , Joe K. Gerald , Tina Miller , Nuala S. Moore , Hanna Phan , S. Christy Sadreameli , Andrea Tanner , Tonya A. Winders , and Lynn B. Gerald ; on behalf of the American Thoracic Society Assembly on Behavioral Science and Health Services Research
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202106-1550ST
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 508–522
For children with asthma, access to quick-relief medications is critical to minimizing morbidity and mortality. An innovative and practical approach to ensure access at school is to maintain a supply of stock albuterol that can be used by any student who experiences respiratory distress. To make this possible, state laws allowing for stock albuterol are needed to improve medication access.
Recurrent Severe Preschool Wheeze: From Prespecified Diagnostic Labels to Underlying Endotypes
Polly F. M. Robinson 1,2*, Sara Fontanella 1*, Sachin Ananth 1,2, Aldara Martin Alonso 1, James Cook 1,2, Daphne Kaya-de Vries 1,2, Luisa Polo Silveira 1,2, Lisa Gregory 1, Clare Lloyd 1, Louise Fleming 1,2, Andrew Bush 1,2, Adnan Custovic 1‡§, and Sejal Saglani 1,2‡
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202009-3696OC
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 523–535
Preschool wheezing is heterogeneous, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
Racial Segregation and Respiratory Outcomes among Urban Black Residents with and at Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Han Woo 1, Emily P. Brigham 1, Kassandra Allbright 1, Chinedu Ejike 1, Panagis Galiatsatos 1, Miranda R. Jones 2, Gabriela R. Oates 3, Jerry A. Krishnan 4*, Christopher B. Cooper 5,6, Richard E. Kanner 7, Russell P. Bowler 8, Eric A. Hoffman 9, Alejandro P. Comellas 9, Gerard Criner 10*, R. Graham Barr 11, Fernando J. Martinez 12*, MeiLan Han 13*, Victor E. Ortega 14, Trisha M. Parekh 15, Stephanie Christenson 16, Daniel Belz 1, Sarath Raju 1, Amanda Gassett 17,18,19, Laura M. Paulin 20, Nirupama Putcha 1, Joel D. Kaufman 17,18,19, and Nadia N. Hansel 1
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202009-3721OC
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 536–545
Racial residential segregation has been associated with worse health outcomes, but the link with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) morbidity has not been established.
Early Bacterial Identification among Intubated Patients with COVID-19 or Influenza Pneumonia: A European Multicenter Comparative Clinical Trial
Anahita Rouzé 1,2, Ignacio Martin-Loeches 3,4,5, Pedro Povoa 6,7,8, Matthieu Metzelard 9, Damien Du Cheyron 10, Fabien Lambiotte 11, Fabienne Tamion 12, Marie Labruyere 13, Claire Boulle Geronimi 14, Ania Nieszkowska 15, Martine Nyunga 16, Olivier Pouly 17, Arnaud W. Thille 18, Bruno Megarbane 19, Anastasia Saade 20, Emili Diaz 21, Eleni Magira 22, Jean-François Llitjos 23, Catia Cilloniz 24, Iliana Ioannidou 25, Alexandre Pierre 26, Jean Reignier 27, Denis Garot 28, Louis Kreitmann 29, Jean-Luc Baudel 30, Muriel Fartoukh 31, Gaëtan Plantefeve 32, Alexandra Beurton 33,34, Pierre Asfar 35, Alexandre Boyer 36, Armand Mekontso-Dessap 37, Demosthenes Makris 38, Christophe Vinsonneau 39, Pierre-Edouard Floch 40, Nicolas Weiss 41,42, Adrian Ceccato 43, Antonio Artigas 44, Mathilde Bouchereau 1, Alain Duhamel 45,46, Julien Labreuche 45,46, and Saad Nseir 1,2; for the coVAPid Study Group
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202101-0030OC
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 546–556
Early empirical antimicrobial treatment is frequently prescribed to critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines.
Association between Troponin I Levels during Sepsis and Postsepsis Cardiovascular Complications
Michael A. Garcia 1*, Justin M. Rucci 1*, Khanh K. Thai 2, Yun Lu 2, Patricia Kipnis 2, Alan S. Go 2, Manisha Desai 3,4, Nicholas A. Bosch 1, Adriana Martinez 2, Heather Clancy 2, Ycar Devis 1, Laura C. Myers 2, Vincent X. Liu 2, and Allan J. Walkey 1
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202103-0613OC
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 557–565
Sepsis commonly results in elevated serum troponin levels and increased risk for postsepsis cardiovascular complications; however, the association between troponin levels during sepsis and cardiovascular complications after sepsis is unclear.
Opioid Use Increases the Risk of Delirium in Critically Ill Adults Independently of Pain
Matthew S. Duprey 1, Sandra M. A. Dijkstra-Kersten 2,3, Irene J. Zaal 2,3, Becky A. Briesacher 1, Jane S. Saczynski 1, John L. Griffith 4, John W. Devlin 1,5, and Arjen J. C. Slooter 2,3,6
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202010-3794OC
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 566–572
It is unclear whether opioid use increases the risk of ICU delirium. Prior studies have not accounted for confounding, including daily severity of illness, pain, and competing events that may preclude delirium detection.
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Arrhythmia in Atrial Fibrillation and Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Gunn Marit Traaen 1,2,3, Lars Aakerøy 4,5, Tove-Elizabeth Hunt 1,2,6, Britt Øverland 7, Christina Bendz 1, Lars Øivind Sande 8, Svend Aakhus 9,10, Morten Wang Fagerland 11, Sigurd Steinshamn 4,5, Ole-Gunnar Anfinsen 1,6, Richard John Massey 1,2, Kaspar Broch 1,3, Thor Ueland 12, Harriet Akre 2,13, Jan Pål Loennechen 5,10, and Lars Gullestad 1,2,3
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202011-4133OC
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 573–582
Sleep apnea (SA) is highly prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and both conditions are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Micro–Computed Tomography Analysis of the Human Tuberculous Lung Reveals Remarkable Heterogeneity in Three-dimensional Granuloma Morphology
Gordon Wells 1, Joel N. Glasgow 2, Kievershen Nargan 1, Kapongo Lumamba 1, Rajhmun Madansein 3, Kameel Maharaj 3, Robert L. Hunter 4, Threnesan Naidoo 5, Llelani Coetzer 6, Stephan le Roux 6, Anton du Plessis 6, and Adrie J. C. Steyn 1,2,7
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202101-0032OC
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 583–595
Our current understanding of tuberculosis (TB) pathophysiology is limited by a reliance on animal models, the paucity of human TB lung tissue, and traditional histopathological analysis, a destructive two-dimensional approach that provides limited spatial insight. Determining the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the necrotic granuloma, a characteristic feature of TB, will more accurately inform preventive TB strategies.
Novelties in Lung Cancer Screening
Vicky Mai 1,2, Nicholas Quigley 1, Pascalin Roy 1, and Catherine Labbé 1,3
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202012-4505RR
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 596–598
Evaluation of Droplet Countermeasures by a Particle Visualization System in Simulated Bronchoscopy
Kei Morikawa , Hirotaka Kida , Hiroshi Handa , Takeo Inoue , and Masamichi Mineshita
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202009-3430IM
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 599–602
Development of a Mask for Bronchoscopy to Prevent Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Image Evaluation
Hirotoshi Yasui 1, Shotaro Okachi 1, Noriaki Fukatsu 2, and Kazuhide Sato 1,2,3,4,5
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202010-4037IM
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. e56–e58
New Guideline Diagnosis of Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Reoto Takei 1, Yasuhiko Yamano 1, Kensuke Kataoka 1, Toshiki Yokoyama 1, Toshiaki Matsuda 1, Tomoki Kimura 1, Mutsumi Ozasa 2, Junya Fukuoka 2, Takeshi Johkoh 3, and Yasuhiro Kondoh 1*
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202102-0407LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 603–605
Ivacaftor and Airway Inflammation in Preschool Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Paul McNally 1,2*, Daryl Butler 1,2, Yuliya V. Karpievitch 3,4, Barry Linnane 1,5, Sarath Ranganathan 6,7,8, Stephen M. Stick 3,4,9, Graham L. Hall 4,10, and André Schultz 3,4,9; on behalf of SHIELD CF and AREST CF
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202012-4332LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 605–608
Reduced Proportion and Activity of Natural Killer Cells in the Lung of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Tamara Cruz 1*, Minxue Jia 1,2*, John Sembrat 1, Tracy Tabib 1, Naomi Agostino 1, Tullia C. Bruno 1, Dario Vignali 1, Pablo Sanchez 1, Robert Lafyatis 1, Ana L. Mora 1, Panayiotis Benos 1,2, and Mauricio Rojas 1‡
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202012-4418LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 608–610
Opioids for Sedation: Has the Pendulum Swung Too Far?
Brian P. Murray 1* and Andrea Sikora Newsome 2,3
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202104-1012LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 611
Reply to Murray and Newsome
Matthew S. Duprey 1, Arjen J. C. Slooter 2,3, and John W. Devlin 4,5*
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202105-1085LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 612
No Strong Evidence for Ruling Out the Role of Coagulation in Long-Term Disability after Critical Illness
Taro Yasuma 1, Corina N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza 1, Osamu Hataji 2, Tetsu Kobayashi 1, and Esteban C. Gabazza 1*,
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202104-0980LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 613
Reply to Yasuma et al.
Nathan E. Brummel 1,2, Lorraine B. Ware 4,2, and Timothy D. Girard 3,2*; on behalf of all the authors
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202105-1133LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 613–614
Neighborhoods with 25% Minority Residents Are Still Mostly White
Andrew R. Spector 1* and Onyinye I. Iweala 2
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202103-0810LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 614–615
Reply to Spector and Iweala
Priya V. Borker 1*, Emely Carmona 1, Utibe R. Essien 1, Gul Jana Saeed 1, S. Mehdi Nouraie 1, Jessie P. Bakker 2, Christy J. Stitt 2, Mark S. Aloia 2, and Sanjay R. Patel 1
doi : 10.1164/rccm.202104-1030LE
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 615–616
Erratum: Patient-centered Outcomes Research in Interstitial Lung Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement
doi : 10.1164/rccm.v204erratum1a
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. 616
Inhaled Marijuana and the Lungs
Sarah Neff , Matthew G. Drake , Christopher G. Slatore , and Ellen Burnham
doi : 10.1164/rccm.2044P9
Volume 204, Issue 5, pp. P9–P10
