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Hepatitis B vaccine and NK cells: a new player in memory
Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme
Is it time to consider prophylactic appendectomy in patients with serrated polyposis syndrome undergoing surveillance?
Owen McKay, Neal Shahidi, Sunil Gupta, W Arnout van Hattem, Toufic El-Khoury, Michael J Bourke
International trends in oesophageal cancer survival by histological subtype between 1995 and 2014
Eileen Morgan, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Anna T Gavin, Mark J Rutherford, Piers Gatenby, Aude Bardot, Jacques Ferlay, Oliver Bucher, Prithwish De, Gerda Engholm, Christopher Jackson, Serena Kozie, Alana Little, Bjorn M?ller, Lorraine Shack, Hanna Tervonen, Vicky Thursfield, Sally Vernon, Paul M Walsh, Ryan R Woods, Christian Finley, Neil Merrett, Dianne L O’Connell, John V Reynolds, Freddie Bray, Melina Arnold
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321089
Introduction Survival from oesophageal cancer remains poor, even across high-income countries. Ongoing changes in the epidemiology of the disease highlight the need for survival assessments by its two main histological subtypes, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori to reduce gastric cancer incidence and mortality: a long-term cohort study on Matsu Islands
Tsung-Hsien Chiang, Wei-Jung Chang, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Jean Ching-Yuan Fann, Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu, Yi-Ru Chen, Shu-Ling Chuang, Chun-Fu Shieh, Cheng-Ying Liu, Han-Mo Chiu, Hung Chiang, Chia-Tung Shun, Ming-Wei Lin, Ming-Shiang Wu, Jaw-Town Lin, Chang-Chuan Chan, David Y Graham, Hsiu-Hsi Chen, Yi-Chia Lee
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322200
Objective Although mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori has been proposed as a means to eliminate gastric cancer, its long-term effects remain unclear.
Effectiveness of one-time endoscopic screening programme in prevention of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China: a multicentre population-based cohort study
Ru Chen, Yong Liu, Guohui Song, Bianyun Li, Deli Zhao, Zhaolai Hua, Xinzheng Wang, Jun Li, Changqing Hao, Liwei Zhang, Shuzheng Liu, Jialin Wang, Jinyi Zhou, Yongzhen Zhang, Bo Li, Yanyan Li, Xiang Feng, Lin Li, Zhiwei Dong, Wenqiang Wei, Guiqi Wang
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320200
Objectives To estimate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening programme in reducing incidence and mortality of upper gastrointestinal cancer in high risks areas of China.
Motorised spiral enteroscopy: first prospective clinical feasibility study
Torsten Beyna, Marianna Arvanitakis, Markus Schneider, Christian Gerges, Daniel B?ing, Jacques Devière, Horst Neuhaus
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319908
Objective Currently available methods for small bowel endoscopy are often time consuming; motorised PowerSpiral Enteroscopy (PSE) is a further development of spiral enteroscopy to facilitate the approach to the small bowel. The aim of this bicentric prospective trial was to study feasibility and yield of peroral PSE.
Designs of colonoscopic adenoma detection trials: more positive results with tandem than with parallel studies - an analysis of studies on imaging techniques and mechanical devices
Katharina Zimmermann-Fraedrich, Heiko Pohl, Thomas R?sch, Douglas K Rex, Cesare Hassan, Evelien Dekker, Michal Filip Kaminski, Michael Bretthauer, Jocelyn de Heer, Yuki Werner, Guido Schachschal, Stefan Groth
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320984
Background and aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) has been shown to correlate with interval cancers after screening colonoscopy and is commonly used as surrogate parameter for its outcome quality. ADR improvements by various techniques have been studied in randomised trials using either parallel or tandem methodololgy.
Depicting SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19
Tao Zuo, Qin Liu, Fen Zhang, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Eugene YK Tso, Yun Kit Yeoh, Zigui Chen, Siaw Shi Boon, Francis KL Chan, Paul KS Chan, Siew C Ng
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322294
Objective Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in faeces of patients with COVID-19, the activity and infectivity of the virus in the GI tract during disease course is largely unknown. We investigated temporal transcriptional activity of SARS-CoV-2 and its association with longitudinal faecal microbiome alterations in patients with COVID-19.
Whole exome sequencing analyses reveal gene–microbiota interactions in the context of IBD
Shixian Hu, Arnau Vich Vila, Ranko Gacesa, Valerie Collij, Christine Stevens, Jack M Fu, Isaac Wong, Michael E Talkowski, Manuel A Rivas, Floris Imhann, Laura Bolte, Hendrik van Dullemen, Gerard Dijkstra, Marijn C Visschedijk, Eleonora A Festen, Ramnik J Xavier, Jingyuan Fu, Mark J Daly, Cisca Wijmenga, Alexandra Zhernakova, Alexander Kurilshikov, Rinse K Weersma
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319706
Objective Both the gut microbiome and host genetics are known to play significant roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, the interaction between these two factors and its implications in the aetiology of IBD remain underexplored. Here, we report on the influence of host genetics on the gut microbiome in IBD.
Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of small bowel cancer: a binational population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden
Jordan E Axelrad, Ola Olén, Michael C Sachs, Rune Erichsen, Lars Pedersen, Jonas Halfvarson, Johan Askling, Anders Ekbom, Henrik Toft S?rensen, Jonas F Ludvigsson
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320945
Objective Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with increased risk of small bowel cancer (SBC), but previous studies have been small. We aimed to examine the risk of incident SBC and death from SBC in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota in response to diet intervention and gestational diabetes in overweight and obese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Kati Mokkala, Niklas Paulin, Noora Houttu, Ella Koivuniemi, Outi Pellonper?, Sofia Khan, Sami Pietil?, Kristiina Tertti, Laura L Elo, Kirsi Laitinen
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321643
Objective Gut microbiota and diet are known to contribute to human metabolism. We investigated whether the metagenomic gut microbiota composition and function changes over pregnancy are related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and can be modified by dietary supplements, fish oil and/or probiotics.
Deciphering the complex interplay between pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus subtypes and obesity/BMI through causal inference and mediation analyses
Esther Molina-Montes, Claudia Coscia, Paulina G?mez-Rubio, Alba Fern?ndez, Rianne Boenink, Marta Rava, Mirari M?rquez, Xavier Molero, Matthias L?hr, Linda Sharp, Christoph W Michalski, Antoni Farré, José Perea, Michael O’Rorke, William Greenhalf, Mar Iglesias, Adonina Tard?n, Thomas M Gress, Victor M Barber?, Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic, Luis Mu?oz-Bellv?s, J Enrique Dominguez-Mu?oz, Harald Renz, Joaquim Balcells, Eithne Costello, Lucas Ilzarbe, J?rg Kleeff, Bo Kong, Josefina Mora, Damian O’Driscoll, Ignasi Poves, Aldo Scarpa, Jingru Yu, Manuel Hidalgo, Rita T Lawlor, Weimin Ye, Alfredo Carrato, Francisco X Real, N?ria Malats
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319990
Objectives To characterise the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subtypes (new-onset T2DM (NODM) or long-standing T2DM (LSDM)) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, to explore the direction of causation through Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and to assess the mediation role of body mass index (BMI).
Interleukin-1?-induced pancreatitis promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via B lymphocyte–mediated immune suppression
Ryota Takahashi, Marina Macchini, Masaki Sunagawa, Zhengyu Jiang, Takayuki Tanaka, Giovanni Valenti, Bernhard W Renz, Ruth A White, Yoku Hayakawa, C Benedikt Westphalen, Yagnesh Tailor, Alina C Iuga, Tamas A Gonda, Jeanine Genkinger, Kenneth P Olive, Timothy C Wang
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319912
Objective Long-standing chronic pancreatitis is an established risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Interleukin-1? (IL-1?) has been associated in PDAC with shorter survival. We employed murine models to investigate the mechanisms by which IL-1? and chronic pancreatitis might contribute to PDAC progression.
Neutrophils interact with cholangiocytes to cause cholestatic changes in alcoholic hepatitis
Masahiro Takeuchi, Paula T Vidigal, Mateus T Guerra, Melanie A Hundt, Marie E Robert, Maria Olave-Martinez, Satoshi Aoki, Tanaporn Khamphaya, Remco Kersten, Emma Kruglov, Randolph de la Rosa Rodriguez, Jesus M Banales, Michael H Nathanson, Jittima Weerachayaphorn
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322540
Background & objectives Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a common but life-threatening disease with limited treatment options. It is thought to result from hepatocellular damage, but the presence of cholestasis worsens prognosis, so we examined whether bile ducts participate in the pathogenesis of this disease.
HBV vaccination and HBV infection induces HBV-specific natural killer cell memory
Ratna S Wijaya, Scott A Read, Naomi R Truong, Shuanglin Han, Dishen Chen, Haleh Shahidipour, Nicole L Fewings, Stephen Schibeci, Mahmoud K Azardaryany, Grant P Parnell, David Booth, David van der Poorten, Rita Lin, Jacob George, Mark W Douglas, Golo Ahlenstiel
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319252
Objective Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) confers protection from subsequent infection through immunological memory that is traditionally considered the domain of the adaptive immune system. This view has been challenged following the identification of antigen-specific memory natural killer cells (mNKs) in mice and non-human primates. While the presence of mNKs has been suggested in humans based on the expansion of NK cells following pathogen exposure, evidence regarding antigen-specificity is lacking. Here, we demonstrate the existence of HBV-specific mNKs in humans after vaccination and in chronic HBV infection.
No difference in hepatocellular carcinoma risk between chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir versus tenofovir
Feng Su, Kristin Berry, George N Ioannou
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319867
Objective Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are first-line agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Recent studies have challenged the assumption that these agents are equally effective at preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to determine whether the risk of HCC and mortality differ in patients with CHB treated with ETV and TDF.
Differential inflammasome activation predisposes to acute-on-chronic liver failure in human and experimental cirrhosis with and without previous decompensation
Sofia Monteiro, Josephine Grandt, Frank Erhard Uschner, Nina Kimer, Jan Lysg?rd Madsen, Robert Schierwagen, Sabine Klein, Christoph Welsch, Liliana Sch?fer, Christian Jansen, Joan Claria, José Alcaraz-Quiles, Vicente Arroyo, Richard Moreau, Javier Fernandez, Flemming Bendtsen, Gautam Mehta, Lise Lotte Gluud, S?ren M?ller, Michael Praktiknjo, Jonel Trebicka
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320170
Objective Systemic inflammation predisposes acutely decompensated (AD) cirrhosis to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Supportive treatment can improve AD patients, becoming recompensated. Little is known about the outcome of patients recompensated after AD. We hypothesise that different inflammasome activation is involved in ACLF development in compensated and recompensated patients.
Epigenetic mechanisms and metabolic reprogramming in fibrogenesis: dual targeting of G9a and DNMT1 for the inhibition of liver fibrosis
Marina Barcena-Varela, Hannah Paish, Laura Alvarez, Iker Uriarte, Maria U Latasa, Eva Santamaria, Miriam Recalde, Maria Garate, Alex Claveria, Leticia Colyn, Maria Arechederra, Maria J Iraburu, Malgorzata Milkiewicz, Piotr Milkiewicz, Bruno Sangro, Stuart M Robinson, Jeremy French, Ana Pardo-Saganta, Julen Oyarzabal, Felipe Prosper, Krista Rombouts, Fiona Oakley, Jelena Mann, Carmen Berasain, Matias A Avila, Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320205
Objective Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts is central to fibrogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone and DNA methylation, play a key role in this process. Concerted action between histone and DNA-mehyltransferases like G9a and DNMT1 is a common theme in gene expression regulation. We aimed to study the efficacy of CM272, a first-in-class dual and reversible G9a/DNMT1 inhibitor, in halting fibrogenesis.
Hepatocellular carcinoma tumour volume doubling time: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Piyush Nathani, Purva Gopal, Nicole Rich, Adam Yopp, Takeshi Yokoo, Binu John, Jorge Marrero, Neehar Parikh, Amit G Singal
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321040
Background Tumour growth patterns have important implications for surveillance intervals, prognostication and treatment decisions but have not been well described for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of our study was to characterise HCC doubling time and identify correlates for indolent and rapid growth patterns.
Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease: common pathophysiological links
Ho-Su Lee, Evy Lobbestael, Séverine Vermeire, Jo?o Sabino, Isabelle Cleynen
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322429
Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease are chronic progressive disorders that mainly affect different organs: the gut and brain, respectively. Accumulating evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation and neurodegeneration, in accordance with the concept of the ‘gut–brain axis’. Moreover, recent population-based studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease might increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. Although the precise mechanisms underlying gut–brain interactions remain elusive, some of the latest findings have begun to explain the link. Several genetic loci are shared between both disorders with a similar direction of effect on the risk of both diseases. The most interesting example is LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), initially identified as a causal gene in Parkinson's disease, and recently also implicated in Crohn’s disease. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the link between these seemingly unrelated diseases with shared genetic susceptibility. We discuss supporting and conflicting data obtained from epidemiological and genetic studies along with remaining questions and concerns. In addition, we discuss possible biological links including the gut–brain axis, microbiota, autoimmunity, mitochondrial function and autophagy.
Endoscopy and central reading in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials: achievements, challenges and future developments
Klaus Gottlieb, Marco Daperno, Keith Usiskin, Bruce E Sands, Harris Ahmad, Colin W Howden, William Karnes, Young S Oh, Irene Modesto, Colleen Marano, Ryan William Stidham, Walter Reinisch
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320690
Central reading, that is, independent, off-site, blinded review or reading of imaging endpoints, has been identified as a crucial component in the conduct and analysis of inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials. Central reading is the final step in a workflow that has many parts, all of which can be improved. Furthermore, the best reading algorithm and the most intensive central reader training cannot make up for deficiencies in the acquisition stage (clinical trial endoscopy) or improve on the limitations of the underlying score (outcome instrument). In this review, academic and industry experts review scoring systems, and propose a theoretical framework for central reading that predicts when improvements in statistical power, affecting trial size and chances of success, can be expected: Multireader models can be conceptualised as statistical or non-statistical (social). Important organisational and operational factors, such as training and retraining of readers, optimal bowel preparation for colonoscopy, video quality, optimal or at least acceptable read duration times and other quality control matters, are addressed as well. The theory and practice of central reading and the conduct of endoscopy in clinical trials are interdisciplinary topics that should be of interest to many, regulators, clinical trial experts, gastroenterology societies and those in the academic community who endeavour to develop new scoring systems using traditional and machine learning approaches.
Using faecal immunochemical test (FIT) undertaken in a national screening programme for large-scale gut microbiota analysis
Andrea C Masi, Sara Koo, Christopher A Lamb, Mark A Hull, Linda Sharp, Andrew Nelson, James S Hampton, Colin J Rees, Christopher J Stewart
Gastric biopsies in the assessment and management of patients at risk of gastric adenocarcinoma
Ian L P Beales
Is CBT the dominant non-drug IBS treatment? The rise of dietary therapies
Anupam Rej, Rachel Louise Buckle, Christian Charles Shaw, Nick Trott, Imran Aziz, David S Sanders
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: a multicentre cohort study
Xiaolong Qi, Yanna Liu, Jitao Wang, Jonathan A Fallowfield, Jianwen Wang, Xinyu Li, Jindong Shi, Hongqiu Pan, Shengqiang Zou, Hongguang Zhang, Zhenhuai Chen, Fujian Li, Yan Luo, Mei Mei, Huiling Liu, Zhengyan Wang, Jinlin Li, Hua Yang, Huihua Xiang, Xiaodan Li, Tao Liu, Ming-Hua Zheng, Chuan Liu, Yifei Huang, Dan Xu, Xiaoguo Li, Ning Kang, Qing He, Ye Gu, Guo Zhang, Chuxiao Shao, Dengxiang Liu, Lin Zhang, Xun Li, Norifumi Kawada, Zicheng Jiang, Fengmei Wang, Bin Xiong, Tetsuo Takehara, Don C Rockey
Comparative study of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trend of 244 COVID-19 infected children with or without GI symptoms
Xiao-li Xiong, Kenneth Kak-yuen Wong, Shui-qing Chi, Ai-fen Zhou, Jian-qiao Tang, Li-shan Zhou, Patrick Ho-yu Chung, Gilbert Chua, Ketih Tung, Ian Wong, Celine Chui, Xue Li, Mike Yat-wah Kwan, Wilfred Hing-sang Wong, Marco Hok-kung Ho, Godfrey Chi-fung Chan, Guo-qing Cao, Kang Li, Patrick Ip, Peng Chen, Shao-tao Tang, Paul Kwong-hang Tam
Neither black nor white: do altered intestinal microbiota reflect chronic liver disease severity?
Felix Goeser, Philipp Münch, Till Robin Lesker, Philipp Ludwig Lutz, Benjamin Kr?mer, Dominik J Kaczmarek, Claudia Finnemann, Hans Dieter Nischalke, Robert Geffers, Marijo Parcina, Alice McHardy, Christian Strassburg, Achim Hoerauf, Jacob Nattermann, Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding, Ulrich Spengler
Prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with a history of pancreatitis in Northern California
John Gubatan, Steven Levitte, Akshar Patel, Tatiana Balabanis, Arpita Sharma, Elaina Jones, Bomi Lee, Murli Manohar, Gayathri Swaminathan, Walter Park, Aida Habtezion
Guidelines for completion colonoscopy after polyps are found at flexible sigmoidoscopy for investigation of haemorrhoidal-type rectal bleeding
Philip Bagshaw, Brian Cox, Francis Antony Frizelle, James M Church
GI symptoms and fever increase the risk of severe illness and death in patients with COVID-19
Jue Liu, Liyuan Tao, Xia Liu, Hongyan Yao, Shicheng Yu, Qiqi Wang, Jiaojiao Zhang, Zhancheng Gao, Rongmeng Jiang, Wenzhan Jing, Min Liu
Colonic strictures mimicking Crohn’s disease
Kento Takenaka, Maiko Kimura, Kazuo Ohtsuka
doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320172
A 38-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and 2?kg weight loss. Plain CT performed initially revealed minor ascites, without any evidence of bowel inflammation or tumours. Considering the patient’s symptoms and age, IBD was suspected and colonoscopy was performed, which revealed nodular irregularity and a severe stricture in the sigmoid colon that prevented the passage of the scope. Colonic biopsy of the stricture revealed a normal epithelium. Because of the failure to obtain a definitive diagnosis, the patient was referred to our university hospital.
